The properties of the liquid fossil fuels mixtures with biofules for road vehicles

Biogoriva (biodizel i bioetanol) se smatraju najboljom zamjenom za konvencionalna fosilna goriva. U ovom radu proučava se na koji način mješavine biogoriva i konvencionalnih goriva utječu na motore u cestovnim vozilima. Goriva se mogu miješati u raznim omjerima, a najčešće mješavine su B5 i B20 kod biodizela, odnosno E10 i E20 kod upotrebe bioetanola. Mješavine imaju različit utjecaj na okoliš, primjerice dodavanje biogoriva u dizelsko gorivo dovodi do smanjenja emisija ugljikovodika i CO emisija, također smanjuje i emisiju krutih čestica, ali povećava emisije NOx. Slične rezultate pokazale su i mješavine bioetanola s benzinom. U pogledu utjecaja na konstrukcijske materijale, potrebno je istaknuti da bioetanol nepovoljno djeluje na ugljični čelik jer pospješuje koroziju na tom materijalu. Za slučaj polimernih materijala, biogoriva su najnepovoljnije utjecala na POM. Uočeno je da katalitički konverteri proizvode veće količine CO2 pri dodavanju biogoriva.Biofuel (biodiesel and bioethanol) is considered one of the most promising alternative fuels to petrol fuels. In this study, we discuss how mixtures of biofuels and conventional fuels affect the engines of road vehicles. Fuels can be mixed in various proportions, with the most common blends being B5 and B20 for biodiesel, and E10 and E20 for using bioethanol. Mixtures have different environmental impacts, for example, the addition of biofuels to diesel fuels leads to a reduction in hydrocarbon emissions and CO emissions, it also reduces particulate matter emissions but increases NOx emissions. Mixtures of bioethanol and gasoline showed similar results. In terms of the impact on structural materials, it should be noted that bioethanol has a negative effect on carbon steel because it promotes corrosion on that material. In the case of polymeric materials, POM were most adversely affected by biofuels. It has been observed that catalytic converters produce higher amounts of CO2 when adding biofuels

Jaw brake of a freight wagon

U svim vrstama vozila kočnice su jedna od najvažnijih komponenata. Željeznička vozila nisu iznimka. Kočnice i kočni sustavi u željeznici razvijali su se stoljećima. Najraširenije su zračne kočnice. Kočnice na vagonima imaju posebnu važnost jer vagoni čine većinu vozila u vlaku. Samim time kočenje cijelog vlaka uvelike ovisi o vagonima. U ovom radu obrađeni su osnovni dijelovi kočnog sustava vagona s čeljusnim kočnicama. Na kraju su tehničkom dokumetacijom prikazani svi dijelovi kočnog polužja jednog četveroosovinskog teretnog vagona.In all types of vehicles, brakes are one of the most important components. Railway vehicles are no exception. Brakes and brake systems in railways have been developed for centuries. The most common are air brakes. Brakes on wagons are particularly important because wagons make up the majority of the vehicles on the train. Therefore, the braking of the entire train largely depends on the wagons. In this thesis, the basic parts of the brake system of wagons with jaw brakes are covered. The technical documentation shows all parts of the brake lever of a four-axle freight car

The properties of the liquid fossil fuels mixtures with biofules for road vehicles

Biogoriva (biodizel i bioetanol) se smatraju najboljom zamjenom za konvencionalna fosilna goriva. U ovom radu proučava se na koji način mješavine biogoriva i konvencionalnih goriva utječu na motore u cestovnim vozilima. Goriva se mogu miješati u raznim omjerima, a najčešće mješavine su B5 i B20 kod biodizela, odnosno E10 i E20 kod upotrebe bioetanola. Mješavine imaju različit utjecaj na okoliš, primjerice dodavanje biogoriva u dizelsko gorivo dovodi do smanjenja emisija ugljikovodika i CO emisija, također smanjuje i emisiju krutih čestica, ali povećava emisije NOx. Slične rezultate pokazale su i mješavine bioetanola s benzinom. U pogledu utjecaja na konstrukcijske materijale, potrebno je istaknuti da bioetanol nepovoljno djeluje na ugljični čelik jer pospješuje koroziju na tom materijalu. Za slučaj polimernih materijala, biogoriva su najnepovoljnije utjecala na POM. Uočeno je da katalitički konverteri proizvode veće količine CO2 pri dodavanju biogoriva.Biofuel (biodiesel and bioethanol) is considered one of the most promising alternative fuels to petrol fuels. In this study, we discuss how mixtures of biofuels and conventional fuels affect the engines of road vehicles. Fuels can be mixed in various proportions, with the most common blends being B5 and B20 for biodiesel, and E10 and E20 for using bioethanol. Mixtures have different environmental impacts, for example, the addition of biofuels to diesel fuels leads to a reduction in hydrocarbon emissions and CO emissions, it also reduces particulate matter emissions but increases NOx emissions. Mixtures of bioethanol and gasoline showed similar results. In terms of the impact on structural materials, it should be noted that bioethanol has a negative effect on carbon steel because it promotes corrosion on that material. In the case of polymeric materials, POM were most adversely affected by biofuels. It has been observed that catalytic converters produce higher amounts of CO2 when adding biofuels

The properties of the liquid fossil fuels mixtures with biofules for road vehicles

Biogoriva (biodizel i bioetanol) se smatraju najboljom zamjenom za konvencionalna fosilna goriva. U ovom radu proučava se na koji način mješavine biogoriva i konvencionalnih goriva utječu na motore u cestovnim vozilima. Goriva se mogu miješati u raznim omjerima, a najčešće mješavine su B5 i B20 kod biodizela, odnosno E10 i E20 kod upotrebe bioetanola. Mješavine imaju različit utjecaj na okoliš, primjerice dodavanje biogoriva u dizelsko gorivo dovodi do smanjenja emisija ugljikovodika i CO emisija, također smanjuje i emisiju krutih čestica, ali povećava emisije NOx. Slične rezultate pokazale su i mješavine bioetanola s benzinom. U pogledu utjecaja na konstrukcijske materijale, potrebno je istaknuti da bioetanol nepovoljno djeluje na ugljični čelik jer pospješuje koroziju na tom materijalu. Za slučaj polimernih materijala, biogoriva su najnepovoljnije utjecala na POM. Uočeno je da katalitički konverteri proizvode veće količine CO2 pri dodavanju biogoriva.Biofuel (biodiesel and bioethanol) is considered one of the most promising alternative fuels to petrol fuels. In this study, we discuss how mixtures of biofuels and conventional fuels affect the engines of road vehicles. Fuels can be mixed in various proportions, with the most common blends being B5 and B20 for biodiesel, and E10 and E20 for using bioethanol. Mixtures have different environmental impacts, for example, the addition of biofuels to diesel fuels leads to a reduction in hydrocarbon emissions and CO emissions, it also reduces particulate matter emissions but increases NOx emissions. Mixtures of bioethanol and gasoline showed similar results. In terms of the impact on structural materials, it should be noted that bioethanol has a negative effect on carbon steel because it promotes corrosion on that material. In the case of polymeric materials, POM were most adversely affected by biofuels. It has been observed that catalytic converters produce higher amounts of CO2 when adding biofuels

Jaw brake of a freight wagon

U svim vrstama vozila kočnice su jedna od najvažnijih komponenata. Željeznička vozila nisu iznimka. Kočnice i kočni sustavi u željeznici razvijali su se stoljećima. Najraširenije su zračne kočnice. Kočnice na vagonima imaju posebnu važnost jer vagoni čine većinu vozila u vlaku. Samim time kočenje cijelog vlaka uvelike ovisi o vagonima. U ovom radu obrađeni su osnovni dijelovi kočnog sustava vagona s čeljusnim kočnicama. Na kraju su tehničkom dokumetacijom prikazani svi dijelovi kočnog polužja jednog četveroosovinskog teretnog vagona.In all types of vehicles, brakes are one of the most important components. Railway vehicles are no exception. Brakes and brake systems in railways have been developed for centuries. The most common are air brakes. Brakes on wagons are particularly important because wagons make up the majority of the vehicles on the train. Therefore, the braking of the entire train largely depends on the wagons. In this thesis, the basic parts of the brake system of wagons with jaw brakes are covered. The technical documentation shows all parts of the brake lever of a four-axle freight car

Jaw brake of a freight wagon

U svim vrstama vozila kočnice su jedna od najvažnijih komponenata. Željeznička vozila nisu iznimka. Kočnice i kočni sustavi u željeznici razvijali su se stoljećima. Najraširenije su zračne kočnice. Kočnice na vagonima imaju posebnu važnost jer vagoni čine većinu vozila u vlaku. Samim time kočenje cijelog vlaka uvelike ovisi o vagonima. U ovom radu obrađeni su osnovni dijelovi kočnog sustava vagona s čeljusnim kočnicama. Na kraju su tehničkom dokumetacijom prikazani svi dijelovi kočnog polužja jednog četveroosovinskog teretnog vagona.In all types of vehicles, brakes are one of the most important components. Railway vehicles are no exception. Brakes and brake systems in railways have been developed for centuries. The most common are air brakes. Brakes on wagons are particularly important because wagons make up the majority of the vehicles on the train. Therefore, the braking of the entire train largely depends on the wagons. In this thesis, the basic parts of the brake system of wagons with jaw brakes are covered. The technical documentation shows all parts of the brake lever of a four-axle freight car