STEREO SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL PYRAZOLE AND COUMARIN APPENDED BRIDGED PYRANS AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to synthesize a series of novel bridged pyrans as antimicrobial agents.Methods: An isomeric mixture of 3-(4-ethoxy-10-methyl-8-oxo-2-phenyl-4,8-dihydro-2H-pyrano[3',2':6,7]chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-6-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes, 2(a-f) and 3-(4-ethoxy-8-methyl-10-oxo-2-phenyl-4,10-dihydro-2H-pyrano[2',3':5,6]chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-6-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes, 3(a-f) were synthesized by the reaction of 3,3'-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-6,8-diyl)bis(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde) 1(a-f) and ethyl alcohol in the presence of conc. H2SO4. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity.Results: The structures of the new bridged pyran analogues 3-(4-ethoxy-10-methyl-8-oxo-2-phenyl-4,8-dihydro-2H-pyrano [3',2':6,7] chromeno [4,3-c]pyrazol-6-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes, 2(a-f) and 3-(4-ethoxy-8-methyl-10-oxo-2-phenyl-4,10-dihydro-2H-pyrano [2',3':5,6] chromeno[4,3-c]pyrazol-6-yl)-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehydes, 3(a-f) were confirmed by spectral studies and elemental analysis. The compounds 2e and 3e were having-CONH2 substitution and 2f and 3f were having-CSNH2 substitutions in the pyrazole rings showed antibacterial at minimum concentrations against all the tested organisms.Conclusions: Results of the antimicrobial activity reveal that some of the synthesized compounds act as potential antimicrobial agents against different fungal and bacterial organisms.Â

Analysis of Development Performance Using a Development Index Based on Factor Analysis (Old Title- Constructing Multideminsional Indexes of Economic Structure and Development)

Development involves changes in social, economic and institutional structures. Quantifying development requires a large array of variables with different characteristics often highly correlated. A factor analysis approach using inferential decisions based on computed standard errors is proposed. The significant factors are used to construct sub-indexes of structural characteristics and a new development index (DI). The properties of DI are analysed and contrasted with more traditional measures, real per capita income (RIPC) and the Human Development Index (HDI). The methodology is applied to data on 45 variables for 97 countries for 1995-2004. DI is found to have stronger discriminating power.

Enhanced production of amidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 1526 by medium optimisation using a statistical experimental design

In the present work, statistical experimental methodology was used to enhance the production of amidase from Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 1526. R. erythropolis MTCC 1526 was selected through screening of seven strains of Rhodococcus species. The Placket-Burman screening experiments suggested that sorbitol as carbon source, yeast extract and meat peptone as nitrogen sources, and acetamide as amidase inducer are the most influential media components. The concentrations of these four media components were optimised using a face-centred design of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum medium composition for amidase production was found to contain sorbitol (5 g/L), yeast extract (4 g/L), meat peptone (2.5 g/L), and acetamide (12.25 mM). Amidase activities before and after optimisation were 157.85 units/g dry cells and 1,086.57 units/g dry cells, respectively. Thus, use of RSM increased production of amidase from R. erythropolis MTCC 1526 by 6.88-fold

Media optimization for biosurfactant production by Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 2794: artificial intelligence versus a statistical approach

This paper entails a comprehensive study on production of a biosurfactant from Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 2794. Two optimization techniques-(1) artificial neural network (ANN) coupled with genetic algorithm (GA) and (2) response surface methodology (RSM)-were used for media optimization in order to enhance the biosurfactant yield by Rhodococcus erythropolis MTCC 2794. ANN and RSM models were developed, incorporating the quantity of four medium components (sucrose, yeast extract, meat peptone, and toluene) as independent input variables and biosurfactant yield [calculated in terms of percent emulsification index (% EI24)] as output variable. ANN-GA and RSM were compared for their predictive and generalization ability using a separate data set of 16 experiments, for which the average quadratic errors were ~3 and ~6%, respectively. ANN-GA was found to be more accurate and consistent in predicting optimized conditions and maximum yield than RSM. For the ANN-GA model, the values of correlation coefficient and average quadratic error were ~0.99 and ~3%, respectively. It was also shown that ANN-based models could be used accurately for sensitivity analysis. ANN-GA-optimized media gave about a 3.5-fold enhancement in biosurfactant yield

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Arylpiperazine-based novel Phthalimides: active inducers of testicular germ cell apoptosis

Understanding of apoptosis or programmed cell death has provided the basis for novel therapeutics that has resulted in rationally designed anticancer strategies. Recently, inducers of apoptosis have been used in cancer therapy. In this work, we describe the role of chiral phthalimides functionalized with piperazines as potential apoptotic inducers. The listed twenty phthalimides were assessed for their in vitro apoptotic activity against testicular germ cells. All phthalimides showed a significant apoptotic response (∼39 to ∼68%). TUNEL assay and acridine orange fluorescence staining were carried out to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the cell death. Phthalimides exhibited substantial apoptotic induction following the intrinsic pathway mechanism. Studies advocated that the apoptotic induction was mediated through caspase-9, caspase-3, JNK MAP kinase and tumor suppressor p53, which was accompanied by DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. Besides, the best five phthalimides regarding apoptotic action were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic effects against CAL-72 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Compounds showed efficient killing of cancer cells. This discovery of functionalized phthalimides as apoptotic inducers would be highly valuable in understanding the mechanism of apoptosis at the molecular level and opens up new possibilities for therapeutic strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Policy of foreign direct investment liberalisation in India: implications for retail sector

This study has analysed the impact of liberalisation of Indian economy and FDI policy on the retail sector since its implementation in the 1990s. It also further analyses sub-categories by investigating its impact on the unorganised retail sector and the flow of FDI in single-brand retail and multi-brand retail sectors. A comprehensive and critical review of the existing evidence on the subject was carried out, and descriptive statistical analysis of data from 1991 to 2013 was performed which leads to conclude that the policy of FDI liberalisation has proved to provide diversification and sustainable development to the Indian economy and specifically retail sector which is considered to be one of the significant pillars of economy. Furthermore, for continuous growth of the economy, it seems vital to encourage more investment in other sectors by liberalising the restrictive policies