Prinzipien der Evolution

Am Anfang unseres Jahrhunderts war die DARWINsche Selektionstheorie bereits ziemlich generell anerkannt, aber viele Forscher glaubten, daß daneben auch unmittelbare Umwelteinflüsse sowie Gebrauch und Nichtgebrauch von Organen die Erbsubstanz allmählich ändern könnten. Gerade die Höhlentiere legten eine solche lamarckistische Auffassung nahe. P. KAMMERER (1912) hatte gezeigt, daß der bekannte Grottenolm (Proteus anguineus) bei Aufzucht im Licht dunkles Hautpigment und auch verhältnismäßig normal gestaltete Augen ausbildet, während die Augenanlagen, speziell die sich bildenden Linsen, bei dunkel gehaltenen Tieren wieder weitgehend reduziert werden. Die starke Modifikabilität deutete darauf hin, daß bei anderen, erblich völlig augenlosen Höhlentieren die Augenrückbildung auf dem Wege einer zunächst nichterblichen Verkümmerung erfolgt sein könnte. Daß die Obereinstimmungen von erblichen Merkmalen und Modifikationen auch anders erklärt werden können, wurde vornehmlich erst durch R. GOLDSCHMIDTs Versuche über mögliche Parallelinduktion bei Drosophila (1929) erkannt. Heute wissen wir, daß solche Phänokopien bei sehr zahlreichen Merkmalen auftreten können, weil sowohl erblich als auch nichterblich bedingte Faktoren in verschiedenen Phasen des Entwicklungsprozesses in gleicher Weise steuernd eingreifen können

Operation Swing: How Jazz Helped to Win World War II

Names like Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman are inextricably linked to the Swing Era and were at the height of their favor during the years of World War II. Songs like “In the Mood” and “Don’t Sit Under the Apple Tree” can be viewed as simply the popular songs of the day, but their importance reaches far beyond the scope of popular media. There already exists an immense body of knowledge in the areas of jazz history and World War II history, but the knowledge base on the history of jazz within the scope of the second World War is limited. My research contributes to the field by showing how the performance and symbolism of jazz as well as certain key jazz musicians helped to win the war in a real sense. This paper will assert that jazz music, and swing in particular, made a significant positive contribution to the war effort, and that, besides guns and ammunition, jazz was used as a weapon in fighting the war. The GIs’ favorite jazz songs helped to keep their love for America strong, the selling of war-bonds was aided by the performance of jazz at concerts and on the radio, and jazz music was a major source of pro-American propaganda that was used to actively “fight” the enemy. The paper will also explore how World War II and the new world order worked to bring significant changes to the world of jazz. The work of Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman, and Bing Crosby in particular will be extensively analyzed to provide material support

An experimental study of high Tc superconducting microstrip transmission lines at 35 GHz and the effect of film morphology

Microstrip transmission lines in the form of ring resonators were fabricated from a number of in-situ grown laser ablated films and post-annealed co-sputtered YBa2Cu3O(7-x) films. The properties of these resonators were measured at 35 GHz and the observed performance is examined in light of the critical temperature (Tc) and film thickness and also the film morphology which is different for the two deposition techniques. It is found that Tc is a major indicator of the film performance for each growth type with film thickness becoming important as it decreases towards 100 A. It is also found that the films with a mixed grain orientation (both a axis and c axis oriented grains) have poorer microwave properties as compared with the primarily c axis oriented material. This is probably due to the significant number of grain boundaries between the different crystallites, which may act as superconducting weak links and contribute to the surface resistance

τBu₂SiF-Derivatized D₂-Receptor Ligands: The First SiFA-Containing Small Molecule Radiotracers for Target-Specific PET-Imaging

The synthesis, radiolabeling and in vitro evaluation of new silicon-fluoride acceptor (SiFA) derivatized D-2-receptor ligands is reported. The SiFA-technology simplifies the introduction of fluorine-18 into target specific biomolecules for Positron-Emission-Tomography (PET). However, one of the remaining challenges, especially for small molecules such as receptor-ligands, is the bulkiness of the SiFA-moiety. We therefore synthesized four Fallypride SiFA-conjugates derivatized either directly at the benzoic acid ring system (SiFA-DMFP, SiFA-FP, SiFA-DDMFP) or at the butyl-side chain (SiFA-M-FP) and tested their receptor affinities. We found D2-receptor affinities for all compounds in the nanomolar range (Ki(SiFA-DMFP) = 13.6 nM, Ki(SiFA-FP) = 33.0 nM, Ki(SiFA-DDMFP) = 62.7 nM and Ki(SiFA-M-FP) = 4.21 nM). The radiofluorination showed highest yields when 10 nmol of the precursors were reacted with F-18]fluoride/TBAHCO(3) in acetonitrile. After a reversed phased cartridge purification the desired products could be isolated as an injectable solution after only 10 min synthesis time with radiochemical yields (RCY) of more than 40% in the case of SiFA-DMFP resulting in specific activities >41 GBq/mu mol (>1,100 Ci/mmol). Furthermore, the radiolabeled products were shown to be stable in the injectable solutions, as well as in human plasma, for at least 90 min

UEBER EINIGE VOGELSAMMLUNGEN DES BUITENZORGER MUSEUMS VON DEN KLEINEN SUNDA-INSELN.

abstract not availabl