The role of IL-33 in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Depression has long been considered a disease involving immune hyperactivation. The impact of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 on depression has been widely studied. However, the effect of IL-33, another pro-inflammatory cytokine, has been less researched. Currently, research on the correlation between IL-33 and depression risk is inconsistent. In response to these divergent results, we conducted a review and meta-analysis aimed at resolving published research on the correlation between IL-33 and depression risk, and understanding the potential role of IL-33 in the development and treatment of depression. After searching different databases, we analyzed 8 studies. Our meta-analysis showed that IL-33 had a positive correlation with reduced risk of depression. The pooled standard mean differences (SMD) = 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.05–0.24. Subgroup analysis results showed that IL-33 and ST2 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum is positive correlated with reduced risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). According to the characteristics of the included literature, the results mainly focuses on Caucasian. Furthermore, according to the subgroup analysis of depression-related data sources for disease or treatment, the correlation between IL-33 and depression risk is reflected throughout the entire process of depression development and treatment. Therefore, the change of IL-33 level in serum and cerebrospinal fluid can serve as useful indicators for assessing the risk of depression, and the biomarker provides potential treatment strategies for reducing the burden of the disease

Research on Educational Nature and Root of Life

Human life is a unified collection of natural life and value life. It restores and rejuvenates the true nature of education to impact the awakening of life, so that life is full of agile images and temperaments, and also the process of human education that has real life significance. If the talents trained by education which can only repeat and accumulate knowledge and machinery, it will be a universal portrayal of the double failure of education and life. Only by tightly combining education, life, and educational life which can we create the agility of education and avoid the empty phenomenon of human spirit and life soul. The true nature of education is to restore and rejuvenate the roots of life, to establish self-awareness, to give playing to self-motivation, and so that we can constantly transcend and make perfect when human beings complete themselves

(3-Aminopropyl) Triethoxysilane-Based Immobilization of Pt/WO3 on a Microfiber Sensor for High Sensitivity Hydrogen Sensing

A novel high stability hydrogen sensor based on a Pt/WO3 coated single-mode tapered-no-core single-mode (STNCS) fiber interferometer is proposed and experimentally studied. The STNCS structure is treated by (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) and then coated with Pt/WO3 nanorods. Compared to the traditional method of using poly (dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to adhere Pt/WO3 nanorods on the fiber surface, the APTES modified fiber forms strong covalent bonds with Pt/WO3 with stronger adhesion to the fiber surface, resulting in improved long-term stability. Experimental results show that the sensitivity of the sensor varies from -31.05 nm/% to -4.30 nm/% as the hydrogen concentration increases from 0 to 1.04%. The sensor also demonstrates good reproducibility, longer term stability and repeatability

Multi-colour light emission based on pixel-array phosphor layer in LEDs

Phosphor layers are of vital importance for the development of advanced phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (LEDs). However, owing to the fixed ratio of red-green-blue (RGB) phosphors, it has been difficult for the RGB phosphor layers with conventional structure to tune light emission colours. Herein, we have experimentally fabricated nine types of phosphor layers with patterned RGB pixel array, which consist of tuneable RGB ratio in a planar configuration. Moreover, we carried out optical simulation based on Monte-Carlo theory to assist in adjusting the light-emission colours and the corresponding chromaticity coordinates. The simulations were further verified by the experimental results via samples fabricated by the stencil printing technique. In accordance with the nine types of phosphor layers with patterned pixel arrays in various RGB ratios, we have finally obtained corresponding nine light-emission colours for the applications of LED light emission decoration. These designed advanced pixel-array phosphor layers demonstrate great potential for applications in decorated light emission and display devices with significant implications for industrial improvement in these research areas

Preoperative CT-guided ICG injection locating SPNs

Background: Localization of small pulmonary nodules (SPNs) is challenging in minimally invasive pulmonary resection, and it is unknown whether computer tomography (CT) guided by indocyanine green (ICG) can provide accurate localization with minimal complications. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent thoracoscopic resection of pulmonary nodules after CT-guided preoperative localization with ICG from May 2019 to May 2020. Demographics, procedural data, postoperative complications, and pathologic information, were collected, and an analysis of the accuracy and complications after surgery was conducted. Results: In 471 patients, there was a total of 512 peripheral pulmonary nodules that were ≤2 cm in size. The average time for CT-guided percutaneous ICG injection for localization was 18 minutes, and 98.4% (504/512) of the nodules were successfully localized. The average size of the nodules was 9.1 mm, and the average depth from the pleural surface was 8.9 mm. Overall, 5.9% (28/471) of the patients had asymptomatic pneumothorax after localization, but none needed a tube thoracostomy. All the nodules were resected using video-assisted thoracoscopy technique. Conclusions: Preoperative CT-guided transthoracic ICG injection is safe and feasible for localization of small lung nodules for minimally invasive pulmonary resection. This technique should be considered for preoperative CT-guided localization of small lung nodules

Association Between Genetic Variant in the Promoter of Pri-miR-34b/c and Risk of Glioma

Growing evidence indicates that p53 can regulate the expression of miRNAs, particularly the miR-34 family members, which are described as potential tumor suppressors. Loss of miR-34 suppresses TP53-mediated cell death, whereas over expression of miR-34 induced apoptosis. The study designed to investigate the association between the pir-miR-34b/c rs4938723, TP53 Arg72Pro and the risk of glioma. We genotyped the two polymorphisms in175 glioma patients and 235 healthy controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing assay. Association analysis showed that the CC genotype of the pir-miR-34b/c rs4938723 was associated with a significantly decreased risk of glioma compared to the TT genotype (CC vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.43;95% CI, 0.21–0.87,P = 0.02). Moreover, a significant association between the patients with glioma and controls was also observed in a recessive model (OR = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.21–0.81, P = 0.007). In contrast, the CC genotype of the TP53 Arg72Pro was associated with a significantly increased risk of glioma compared to the GG genotype (CC vs. GG: adjusted OR = 1.73;95% CI, 1.04–2.89,P = 0.04), and a significant association between the patients with glioma and controls was also observed in a recessive model (OR = 2.00; 95% CI, 1.26–3.18, P = 0.003). These findings suggest that the pri-miR-34b/c rs4938723CC and TP53 Arg72-Pro polymorphisms may be associated with the risk of glioma

Unraveling the impact of nitric oxide, almitrine, and their combination in COVID-19 (at the edge of sepsis) patients: a systematic review

Introduction: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a large number of critically ill and severe COVID-19 patients meet the diagnostic criteria for sepsis and even septic shock. The treatments for COVID-19 patients with sepsis are still very limited. For sepsis, improving ventilation is one of the main treatments. Nitric oxide (NO) and almitrine have been reported to improve oxygenation in patients with “classical” sepsis. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NO, almitrine, and the combination of both for COVID-19 (at the edge of sepsis) patients.Method: A systematic search was performed on Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, Wanfang Data, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. Randomized clinical trials, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, case-control studies, case series, and case reports in COVID-19 patients with suspected or confirmed sepsis were performed. Study characteristics, patient demographics, interventions, and outcomes were extracted from eligible articles.Results: A total of 35 studies representing 1,701 patients met eligibility criteria. Inhaled NO did not affect the mortality (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.33–2.8, I2 = 81%, very low certainty), hospital length of stay (SMD 0.62, 95% CI 0.04–1.17, I2 = 83%, very low certainty), and intubation needs (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.34–1.93, I2 = 56%, very low certainty) of patients with COVID-19 (at the edge of sepsis). Meanwhile, almitrine did not affect the mortality (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.17–1.13, low certainty), hospital length of stay (SMD 0.00, 95% CI -0.29–0.29, low certainty), intubation needs (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.5–1.79, low certainty), and SAEs (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.63–2.15, low certainty). Compared with pre-administration, the PaO2/FiO2 of patients with NO (SMD-0.87, 95% CI -1.08–0.66, I2 = 0%, very low certainty), almitrine (SMD-0.73, 95% CI-1.06–0.4, I2 = 1%, very low certainty), and the combination of both (SMD-0.94, 95% CI-1.71–0.16, I2 = 47%, very low certainty) increased significantly.Conclusion: Inhaled NO, almitrine, and the combination of the two drugs improved oxygenation significantly, but did not affect the patients’ mortality, hospitalization duration, and intubation needs. Almitrine did not significantly increase the patients’ SAEs. Well-designed high-quality studies are needed for establishing a stronger quality of evidence.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=367667, identifier CRD42022367667

Vertical Displacements Driven by Groundwater Storage Changes in the North China Plain Detected by GPS Observations

The North China Plain (NCP) has been experiencing the most severe groundwater depletion in China, leading to a broad region of vertical motions of the Earth’s surface. This paper explores the seasonal and linear trend variations of surface vertical displacements caused by the groundwater changes in NCP from 2009 to 2013 using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) techniques. Results show that the peak-to-peak amplitude of GPS-derived annual variation is about 3.7~6.0 mm and is highly correlated (R > 0.6 for most selected GPS stations) with results from GRACE, which would confirm that the vertical displacements of continuous GPS (CGPS) stations are mainly caused by groundwater storage (GWS) changes in NCP, since GWS is the dominant component of total water storage (TWS) anomalies in this area. The linear trends of selected bedrock-located IGS CGPS stations reveal the distinct GWS changes in period of 2009–2010 (decrease) and 2011–2013 (rebound), which are consistent with results from GRACE-derived GWS anomalies and in situ GWS observations. This result implies that the rate of groundwater depletion in NCP has slowed in recent years. The impacts of geological condition (bedrock or sediment) of CGPS stations to their results are also investigated in this study. Contrasted with the slight linear rates (−0.69~1.5 mm/a) of bedrock-located CGPS stations, the linear rates of sediment-located CGPS stations are between −44 mm/a and −17 mm/a. It is due to the opposite vertical displacements induced by the Earth surface’s porous and elastic response to groundwater depletion. Besides, the distinct renewal characteristics of shallow and deep groundwater in NCP are discussed. The GPS-based vertical displacement time series, to some extent, can reflect the quicker recovery of shallow unconfined groundwater than the deep confined groundwater in NCP; through one month earlier to attain the maximum height for CGPS stations nearby shallow groundwater depression cones than those nearby deep groundwater depression cones