WEW Windenergiepark Westkueste GmbH. Betriebsbericht 1990

The operation and performance of wind power systems for electric power generation are gone into. In spite of standstill periods in a number of plants, the production goal of 2.67 million kWH was achieved. The causes of system fuiture are reported. (HW)Im vorliegenden Betriebsbericht wird die Operation und die Ergebnisse der Elektrizitaetsgewinnung aus Windenergie berichtet. Trotz einiger Ausfaelle einzelner Windkraftanlagen konnte das Produktionsziel von 2,67 Mio kWH erreicht werden. Ueber die Ursachen der Anlagenausfaelle wird berichtet. (HW)Available from TIB Hannover: RR 5041(1990) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Chemisch-mechanisches Polieren von Si-Wafern Abschlussbericht

Goal of the project was the design, manufacturing and testing of a polisher for planarisation during the manufacturing of advanced integrated circuits (ICs). In co-operation with industrial users (Siemens AG, TEMIC, Wacker Siltronic) and Fraunhofer research institutes (FhG-ISiT, FhG-IIS/B), a new cluster tool for chemical-mechanical polishing with subsequent post-CMP cleaning has been developed. Subsequently to the design and development phase the prototype polisher has been installed at the FhG-ISiT, where it has been thoroughly tested. Parallel to the manufacturing of the prototype polishing module, the specifications of cleaner and automation modules have been defined. A prototype of the cleaning module has been installed at FhG-ISiT for testing and development purposes. In co-operation with the Fraunhofer institutes, polishing and cleaning processes have been developed. After the definition of the cluster components the cluster software, which controls the wafer flow and the communication between the cluster components, has been developed. A complete cluster, consisting of two polishers and two cleaners, has been build and delivered to TEMIC for further production tests. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F97B2041+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Vergleichende Untersuchung des Betriebs- und Netzverhaltens verschiedener Windenergieanlagenkonzepte an einem Standort Schlussbericht

Windenergiepark Westkueste has erected in direct vicinity of eldest windpark Germany's, the Windpark Westkueste, five converters with a power range between 225 and 500 kW. Four converters were taken into operation at the end of 1992, the fifth converter at the end of 1994. The converters were tested according to their power and electrical characteristics. It was possible to elaborate and describe the characteristics for the various conceptions of the turbines. Summarized important knowledges for the further development of WEC's can be gained out of the comparative representation of the characteristics. (orig.)Windenergiepark Westkueste hat in unmittelbarer Naehe des aeltesten Windparks Deutschlands, des Windparks Westkueste, fuenf Anlagen der Leistungsklasse 225 - 500 kW errichtet. Vier Anlagen wurden Ende 1992, die fuenfte Anlage 1994 in Betrieb genommen. Die Anlagen wurden hinsichtlich ihres Leistungsverhaltens und ihrer elektrischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Dabei konnten die den unterschiedlichsten Konzepten zugeordneten Eigenschaften herausgearbeitet und dargestellt werden. Zusammenfassend lassen sich aus der vergleichenden Darstellung der Eigenschaften fuer die weitere Anlagenentwicklung wichtige Erkenntnisse gewinnen. (orig.)SIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover: RR 8051(1997,603) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekBundesministerium fuer Bildung, Wissenschaft, Forschung und Technologie, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Modellversuch Waerme-/Stromerzeugung aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen. Machbarkeitsstudie Nutzung nachwachsender Energietraeger zur Waermeerzeugung fuer ein Nahwaermenetz in einer Neubausiedlung in Schoenberg/Holst. Abschlussbericht

In the community of Schoenberg in Holstein a new residential estate with some 240 dwellings in one- and two-family houses and blocks with several dwelling units is planned, with heat to be supplied by a central heat-generating plant. For the erection of a wood-fuel power plant for heat supply to this residential estate the utility Schleswag AG, Rendsburg, carried through a feasibility study within the framework of the promotion scheme of the federal German ministry of agriculture 'Pilot test heat and power generation from renewable resources'. The report contains the essential results. (orig.)In der Gemeinde Schoenberg/Holstein ist ein Neubaugebiet mit ca. 240 Wohneinheiten in Ein-, Zwei- und Mehrfamilienhaeusern geplant, welche zentral mit Waerme versorgt werden sollen. Die Schleswag AG, Rendsburg, hat fuer die Errichtung eines Holzheizwerkes fuer die Waermeversorgung dieses Neubaugebietes im Rahmen des Foerderkonzeptes 'Modellversuch Waerme-/Stromerzeugung aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen' des Bundeslandwirtschaftministeriums eine Machbarkeitsstudie durchgefuehrt, deren Kernaussagen aufgefuehrt werden. (orig.)Available from TIB Hannover: F94B0854+a / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany); Bundesministerium fuer Ernaehrung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of Semitic languages identifies an Early Bronze Age origin of Semitic in the Near East

The evolution of languages provides a unique opportunity to study human population history. The origin of Semitic and the nature of dispersals by Semitic-speaking populations are of great importance to our understanding of the ancient history of the Middle East and Horn of Africa. Semitic populations are associated with the oldest written languages and urban civilizations in the region, which gave rise to some of the world's first major religious and literary traditions. In this study, we employ Bayesian computational phylogenetic techniques recently developed in evolutionary biology to analyse Semitic lexical data by modelling language evolution and explicitly testing alternative hypotheses of Semitic history. We implement a relaxed linguistic clock to date language divergences and use epigraphic evidence for the sampling dates of extinct Semitic languages to calibrate the rate of language evolution. Our statistical tests of alternative Semitic histories support an initial divergence of Akkadian from ancestral Semitic over competing hypotheses (e.g. an African origin of Semitic). We estimate an Early Bronze Age origin for Semitic approximately 5750 years ago in the Levant, and further propose that contemporary Ethiosemitic languages of Africa reflect a single introduction of early Ethiosemitic from southern Arabia approximately 2800 years ago