A Guide to Pathological Evidence for Lawyers and Police Officers

The Bench, the Criminal Bar, the Civil Bar, and Law Enforcement officers will all hail the publication of the Third Edition of this outstanding work by Dr. Jaffe, whose lengthy and distinguished career as the former Medical Director of the Centre of Forensic Sciences has been marked by a desire to educate and to demystify the science of pathology. Although the text is relatively brief, the 246 pages include 17 well structured and clearly written chapters that discuss authoritatively subjects ranging from the Medico-Legal Autopsy to the role of the Pathologist in instructing defence counsel. Of note, the topic of injury is approached from many various yet related perspectives involving the head, \u27Stabs and Cuts\u27 and \u27Firearms\u27 to name but 3 examples. Poisons are also discussed at length, and the review of the various substances that are popularly described as narcotics and drugs, from pages 82 to 95, affords the reader a fundamental understanding and many varied insights respecting this complex subject

Twins and their boundaries during homoepitaxy on Ir(111)

The growth and annealing behavior of strongly twinned homoepitaxial films on Ir(111) has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy, low energy electron diffraction and surface X-ray diffraction. In situ surface X-ray diffraction during and after film growth turned out to be an efficient tool for the determination of twin fractions in multilayer films and to uncover the nature of side twin boundaries. The annealing of the twin structures is shown to take place in a two step process, reducing first the length of the boundaries between differently stacked areas and only then the twins themselves. A model for the structure of the side twin boundaries is proposed which is consistent with both the scanning tunneling microscopy and surface X-ray diffraction data.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure

Molecular Mechanisms of Resistance to Tumour Anti-Angiogenic Strategies

Tumour angiogenesis, described by Folkman in the early seventies, is an essential, complex, and dynamic process necessary for the growth of all solid tumours. Among the angiogenic factors secreted by the tumour cells, the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is one of the most important. Most types of human cancer cells express elevated levels of this proangiogenic factor and its receptors. New molecules, called anti-angiogenic, are developed to impair VEGF pathway and tumour vasculature. Despite important results, the clinical benefits of anti-VEGF therapy are relatively modest and usually measured in weeks or months. Why following anti-angiogenic therapy do some patients respond transiently and then why does tumour grow again and disease progress and which compensatory mechanisms could explain the anti-angiogenic treatment failure

Strains Induced by Point Defects in Graphene on a Metal

Strains strongly affect the properties of low-dimensional materials, such as graphene. By combining in situ, in operando, reflection high energy electron diffraction experiments with first-principles calculations, we show that large strains, above 2%, are present in graphene during its growth by chemical vapor deposition on Ir(111) and when it is subjected to oxygen etching and ion bombardment. Our results unravel the microscopic relationship between point defects and strains in epitaxial graphene and suggest new avenues for graphene nanostructuring and engineering its properties through introduction of defects and intercalation of atoms and molecules between graphene and its metal substrate