Gestions de l’eau et du développement urbain dans l’espace dijonnais : quels modes d’intégration territoriale ?

Fortement articulé autour des réseaux techniques, le développement urbain contribue à la pression anthropique sur la ressource en eau. Dans le même temps, la politique européenne de l’eau place la gestion de ce développement urbain à l’échelle des bassins-versants et des fonctionnements hydrologiques. Cela nécessite, pour des structures communales et intercommunales fondées sur des logiques socio-économiques et politiques, d’intégrer des cadres territoriaux et des systèmes d’action différents. Le cas de l’agglomération dijonnaise, située à la convergence de trois bassins et au-dessus d’un vaste aquifère, montre que la gestion urbaine de l’eau tient compte de plus en plus du caractère fragile et collectif de la ressource, tout en privilégiant les réponses institutionnelles axées sur la régulation de l’urbanisme.Strongly integrated with technical networks, urban growth contributes to human pressure on water resources. At the same time, European water policy relates management of urban development to catchments and their hydro-dynamics. That requires districts and inter-municipal groupings, founded on socio-economic and political logic, to adopt new areas and different operating systems. The case of urban Dijon, located at the convergence of three catchments and above an immense aquifer, shows that urban water management gives greater weight to the fragile and collective nature of the resource, even though institutional responses concern mainly town planning regulation.Die städtische Entwicklung, deutlich verbunden mit dem technischen Netzwerk, trägt zum anthropogenen Druck auf die Ressource Wasser bei. Zu gleicher Zeit regelt die europäische Wasserpolitik das Management dieser städtischen Entwicklung nach Maßgabe der Staubecken und hydrologischen Funktionen. Dies erfordert für kommunale und interkommunale Strukturen, begründet auf sozioökonomischen und politischen Logismen, die Integration der territorialen Kader und verschiedenen Aktionssysteme. Das Bespiel der Agglomeration von Dijon, gelegen an der Konvergenz von drei Becken und über einem mächtigen Grundwasserkörper, zeigt, dass das städtische Wassermanagement immer mehr den fragilen und kollektiven Charakter dieser Ressource berücksichtigt, wobei die institutionalisierten, auf den Regeln des Urbanismus beruhenden Lösungen bevorzugt werden

Gestions de l’eau et du développement urbain dans l’espace dijonnais : quels modes d’intégration territoriale ?

Fortement articulé autour des réseaux techniques, le développement urbain contribue à la pression anthropique sur la ressource en eau. Dans le même temps, la politique européenne de l’eau place la gestion de ce développement urbain à l’échelle des bassins-versants et des fonctionnements hydrologiques. Cela nécessite, pour des structures communales et intercommunales fondées sur des logiques socio-économiques et politiques, d’intégrer des cadres territoriaux et des systèmes d’action différents. Le cas de l’agglomération dijonnaise, située à la convergence de trois bassins et au-dessus d’un vaste aquifère, montre que la gestion urbaine de l’eau tient compte de plus en plus du caractère fragile et collectif de la ressource, tout en privilégiant les réponses institutionnelles axées sur la régulation de l’urbanisme.Strongly integrated with technical networks, urban growth contributes to human pressure on water resources. At the same time, European water policy relates management of urban development to catchments and their hydro-dynamics. That requires districts and inter-municipal groupings, founded on socio-economic and political logic, to adopt new areas and different operating systems. The case of urban Dijon, located at the convergence of three catchments and above an immense aquifer, shows that urban water management gives greater weight to the fragile and collective nature of the resource, even though institutional responses concern mainly town planning regulation.Die städtische Entwicklung, deutlich verbunden mit dem technischen Netzwerk, trägt zum anthropogenen Druck auf die Ressource Wasser bei. Zu gleicher Zeit regelt die europäische Wasserpolitik das Management dieser städtischen Entwicklung nach Maßgabe der Staubecken und hydrologischen Funktionen. Dies erfordert für kommunale und interkommunale Strukturen, begründet auf sozioökonomischen und politischen Logismen, die Integration der territorialen Kader und verschiedenen Aktionssysteme. Das Bespiel der Agglomeration von Dijon, gelegen an der Konvergenz von drei Becken und über einem mächtigen Grundwasserkörper, zeigt, dass das städtische Wassermanagement immer mehr den fragilen und kollektiven Charakter dieser Ressource berücksichtigt, wobei die institutionalisierten, auf den Regeln des Urbanismus beruhenden Lösungen bevorzugt werden

Evidence for Two Distinct Effector-Binding Sites in Threonine Deaminase by Site-Directed Mutagenesis, Kinetic, and Binding Experiments

A three-dimensional structure comparison between the dimeric regulatory serine-binding domain of Escherichia coli D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [Schuller, D. J., Grant, G. A., and Banaszak, L. J. (1995) Nat. Struct. Biol. 2, 69-76] and the regulatory domain of E. coli threonine deaminase [Gallagher, D. T., Gilliland, G. L., Xiao, G., Zondlo, J., Fisher, K. E., Chinchilla, D. , and Eisenstein, E. (1998) Structure 6, 465-475] led us to make the hypothesis that threonine deaminase could have two binding sites per monomer. To test this hypothesis about the corresponding plant enzyme, site-directed mutagenesis was carried out on the recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana threonine deaminase. Kinetic and binding experiments demonstrated for the first time that each regulatory domain of the monomers of A. thaliana threonine deaminase possesses two different effector-binding sites constituted in part by Y449 and Y543. Our results demonstrate that Y449 belongs to a high-affinity binding site whose interaction with a first isoleucine induces conformational modifications yielding a conformer displaying a higher activity and with enhanced ability to bind a second isoleucine on a lower-affinity binding site containing Y543. Isoleucine interaction with this latter binding site is responsible for conformational modifications leading to final inhibition of the enzyme. Y449 interacts with both regulators, isoleucine and valine. However, interaction of valine with the high-affinity binding site induces different conformational modifications leading to reversal of isoleucine binding and reversal of inhibition

Linking cocoa polyphenol composition to chocolate quality with Average-Mass-Spectra fingerprints

Linking cocoa polyphenol composition to chocolate quality with Average-Mass-Spectra fingerprints. CoCoTea 2019 (5. International Congress on Cocoa Coffee and Tea

À nos lecteurs

En 2000, la revue Histoire de l’éducation avait publié sous la plume de Pierre Caspard un bilan de son activité et de son rôle scientifique dans les vingt ans suivant sa fondation, en 1978. On y trouvait une analyse synthétique des articles et recensions parus dans la revue et une présentation de sa politique éditoriale, passée et à venir. Sans respecter le cycle vicésimal ainsi amorcé, il a paru nécessaire de se livrer aujourd’hui à un exercice similaire, bien que moins développé. D’un bulle..

Clinical and stereoradiographic analysis of adult spinal deformity with and without rotatory subluxation

Introduction: In degenerative adult spinal deformity (ASD), sagittal malalignment and rotatory sublux-ation (RS) correlate with clinical symptomatology. RS is defined as axial rotation with lateral listhesis.Stereoradiography, recently developed for medical applications, provides full-body standing radiographsand 3D reconstruction of the spine, with low radiation dose.Hypothesis: 3D stereoradiography improves analysis of RS and of its relations with transverse plane andspinopelvic parameters and clinical impact.Material and methods: One hundred and thirty adults with lumbar ASD and full-spine EOS®radiographs(EOS Imaging, Paris, France) were included. Spinopelvic sagittal parameters and lateral listhesis in thecoronal plane were measured. The transverse plane study parameters were: apical axial vertebral rotation(apex AVR), axial intervertebral rotation (AIR) and torsion index (TI). Two groups were compared: with RS(lateral listhesis > 5 mm) and without RS (without lateral listhesis exceeding 5 mm: non-RS). Correlationsbetween radiologic and clinical data were assessed.Results: RS patients were significantly older, with larger Cobb angle (37.4◦vs. 26.6◦, P = 0.0001), moresevere sagittal deformity, and greater apex AVR and TI (respectively: 22.9◦vs. 11.3◦, P 10◦without visible RS on 2D radiographs. RS patientsreported significantly more frequent low back pain and radiculalgia.Discussion: In this EOS®study, ASD patients with RS had greater coronal curvature and sagittal and trans-verse deformity, as well as greater pain. Further transverse plane analysis could allow earlier diagnosisand prognosis to guide management.Level of evidence: 4, retrospective study.Master’s grant from the French Orthopedic and Traumatologic Surgery Society (SOFCOT), without which this research would not have been possible

Editorial: Nature-based solutions for natural hazards and climate change

No abstract available

Three-dimensional reconstruction using stereoradiography for evaluating adult spinal deformity: a reproducibility study.

PURPOSE: In addition to the sagittal alignment, impact of transverse plane parameters (TPP) and rotatory subluxation on patients reported outcomes were highlighted. One of the hypotheses for genesis of degenerative scoliosis is disc degeneration with increased axial vertebral (AVR) and intervertebral rotation (AIR). Therefore, TPP analysis at early stage of the scoliosis seems of particular interest. This study aims at assessing reliability of tridimensional (3D) reconstructions of adult spinal deformity (ASD) patients. METHODS: Thirty ASD patients underwent biplanar radiographs and were divided into two groups (Cobb angle >30° or <30°). Spinal parameters and TPP (apical AVR, AIR of upper and lower level of main curve) were measured. Four operators performed 3D reconstructions twice. Intra and inter-observer reliabilities were analyzed using ISO standard 5725-2, to quantify the global standard deviation of reproducibility (S R). RESULTS: Mean Cobb angle was 31°, mean age 55 years (70% of female). Mean values of apical AVR, upper and lower level AIR were, respectively, 16° ± 15°, 6° ± 6° and 5° ± 5°. Spinopelvic parameters S R were below 4.5°. For Cobb angle <30°, S R was 7.8°, 9.6°, 4.5° and 4.9°, respectively, for AVR apex, torsion index, upper and lower AIR. Reliability was worse in the group of patients with Cobb angle above 30°. CONCLUSIONS: 3D analysis was reliable for Cobb and sagittal parameters. 3D analysis for TPP was reproducible when Cobb is below 30°. However, uncertainty is larger for Cobb above 30°. Nevertheless, 3D reconstructions could help surgeons to anticipate onset of rotatory subluxation while assessing axial rotation evolution for small deformity and choose best delay for surgical treatment

Core principles for successfully implementing and upscaling Nature-based Solutions

Despite substantial increases in the scope and magnitude of biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration, there remains ongoing degradation of natural resources that adversely affects both biodiversity and human wellbeing. Nature-based Solutions (NbS) can be an effective framework for reversing this trend, by increasing the alignment between conservation and sustainable development objectives. However, unless there is clarity on its evolution, definition and principles, and relationship with related approaches, it will not be possible to develop evidence-based standards and guidelines, or to implement, assess, improve and upscale NbS interventions globally. In order to address this gap, we present the definition and principles underpinning the NbS framework, recently adopted by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, and compare it to the Ecosystem Approach that was the foundation for developing the NbS definitional framework, and (2) four specific ecosystem-based approaches (Forest Landscape Restoration, Ecosystem-based Adaptation, Ecological Restoration and Protected Areas) that can be considered as falling under the NbS framework. Although we found substantial alignment between NbS principles and the principles of the other frameworks, three of the eight NbS principles stand out from other approaches: NbS can be implemented alone or in an integrated manner with other solutions; NbS should be applied at a landscape scale; and, NbS are integral to the overall design of policies, measures and actions, to address societal challenges. Reversely, concepts such as adaptive management/governance, effectiveness, uncertainty, multi-stakeholder participation, and temporal scale are present in other frameworks but not captured at all or detailed enough in the NbS principles. This critical analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the NbS principles can inform the review and revision of principles supporting specific types of NbS (such as the approaches reviewed here), as well as serve as the foundation for the development of standards for the successful implementation of NbS