O Consumo De Cocaína No Brasil E Sua Associação Com Violência Interpessoal E Comportamento Suicida.Ii Levantamento Nacional De Álcool E Drogas

Cocaine Consumption In Brazil And Its Association With Interpersonal Violence And Suicidal Behavior - Ii Brazilian National Alcohol And Drugs Survey (Bnads) Introduction: This Thesis Analyzes The Descriptive And Analytical Data Of Cocaine Use In Brazil And Also Its Associations With Two Forms Of Violence: One Directed To Others, Denominated Here As Interpersonal Violence, Including Both The Victimization And Perpetration Behaviors (Excluding Domestic Violence) And One Self-Directed, Named As Suicidal Behavior, Considering The Personal History Of Suicidal Ideation And Suicide Attempts. These Data Are Based On The Ii Brazilian National Alcohol And Drugs Survey (Bnads). Objectives: This Is The Result Of Three Studies With Data From The Second National Survey Of Alcohol And Drugs (Bnads Ii) That Aims To: Study 1: Estimate Prevalence Of Cocaine And Crack Use (In Life And In The Last Year) Between Brazilian Adults And Adolescents And To Analyze Possible Associations With Risk And Protection Factors. Study 2: InvestConsumo De Cocaína No Brasil E Sua Associação Com Violência Interpessoal E Comportamento Suicida " Ii Levantamento Nacional De Álcool E Drogas. Abdalla, R.R. Tese De Doutorado - Universidade Federal De São Paulo " Escola Paulista De Medicina. Introdução: Esta Tese Analisa Os Dados Descritivos E Analíticos Do Consumo De Cocaína No Brasil E Também Suas Associações Com Duas Formas De Violência: Uma Voltada Para O Outro, Denominada Aqui De Violência Interpessoal, Praticada Na Comunidade, Incluindo Tanto A Vitimização Quanto A Perpetração De Comportamentos Violentos (Excluindo Dados De Violência Doméstica) E Uma Voltada Para Si Próprio, Denominada De Comportamento Suicida, Considerando A História Pessoal De Ideação E Tentativa De Suicídio E Antecedentes Familiares De Suicídio Consumado. Os Dados São Baseados No Ii Levantamento Nacional De Álcool E Drogas (Ii Lenad). Objetivos: Essa Tese Busca Relacionar O Consumo De Substâncias, Sobretudo De Cocaína, A Comportamentos Violentos, Sejam Eles Auto Direcionados, Como NDados abertos - Sucupira - Teses e dissertações (2018

Esquizofrenia, psicopatologia e crime violento: uma revisão das evidências empíricas Schizophrenia, psychopathology and violent crime: a review of the empirical evidences

OBJETIVO: Estudar, mediante uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica, a relação esquizofrenia, psicose e violência. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se uma busca eletrônica por meio das bases de dados Medline, SciELO e Lilacs, até a data de junho de 2006, considerando artigos de línguas inglesa e portuguesa. RESULTADOS: Um número de pesquisas revela associação entre esquizofrenia e comportamento violento, principalmente quando existe comorbidade com abuso de substâncias. Aspectos específicos dos delírios são relacionados com comportamento violento, como maior grau de convicção e presença de delírios de controle e perseguição. CONCLUSÕES: Apesar de limitações metodológicas, alguns aspectos da psicopatologia aguda da psicose e da comorbidade de abuso de substâncias parecem estar fortemente relacionados à presença de comportamento violento entre pacientes psicóticos. De acordo com os estudos analisados, somente uma pequena parcela da violência social poder ser atribuída a esse grupo de pacientes. Novas pesquisas deverão futuramente permitir prever antecipadamente o risco de um comportamento violento, permitindo com isso intervenções preventivas e redução do processo de estigmatização.OBJECTIVE: To study, through a comprehensive review of the scientific literature, the relationship between schizophrenia, psychosis and violence. METHODS: An electronic search was conducted in Medline, SciELO e Lilacs databases, up until June 2006, including all papers written in English or Portuguese. RESULTS: There are several international research papers which found a connection between schizophrenia and violent behavior, especially when there is a history of substance abuse. Specific aspects of delusion are related to violent behavior, such as a greater degree of conviction or delusions about being in control or persecuted. CONCLUSIONS: Despite methodological limitations, it can be said that some aspects of acute psychosis and accompanying substance abuse seem to be strongly related to the presence of violent behavior among psychotic patients. According the studies retrieved, only a small percentage of social violence can be attributed to this particular group of patients. New data shall allow that in the future the risk of violent behavior will be predictable, making it possible for the use of preventive interventions and avoiding stigmatization

Association between drug use and urban violence: Data from the II Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey (BNADS)

Objective: To investigate the association of alcohol and cocaine use with urban violence (both as victim and as perpetrator) in a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Method: The Second Brazilian Alcohol and Drugs Survey (II BNADS) interviewed 4607 individuals aged 14years and older from the Brazilian household population including an oversample of 1157 adolescents (14 to 18years old). The survey gathered information on alcohol, tobacco and illegal substances use as well as on risk factors for abuse and dependence, behaviors associated with the use of substances and the possible consequences, as urban violence indicators. Results: Approximately 9.3% of the Brazilian population has been victim of at least one form of urban violence. This proportion increases to 19.7% among cocaine users and to 18.1% among individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD). Perpetration of violence was reported by 6.2% of the sample. Cocaine use and AUD increased in almost four times the chances of being an aggressor. Being religious and married decreased the chances of being a victim and/or perpetrador of urban violence. Higher education also decreased the chances of involvement in both victimization or perpetration of violence. Both Parallel Mediation Models considering cocaine use as a predictor of urban violence (victimization or perpetration) were valid and alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms were mediators of this relationship. Conclusions: This study presents relevant data of interest to Brazil as this country is one of the major consumer market of cocaine and also is among the most violent countries worldwide. Keywords: Urban violence, Cocaine, Alcohol use disorder, Household survey, Epidemiolog

Preliminary results from Brazil's first recovery housing program

Abstract Introduction: The recovery housing (RH) program was initiated in São Paulo with the objective of providing treatment for substance use disorders and addressing users’ housing and employment problems. The purpose of this study was to describe the model based on its first 11 months of operation, it was launched in June 2016 in Brazil. Method: We carried out a retrospective analysis of the records of all subjects treated in the RH of the Restart Program (Programa Recomeço) since its creation, from June 2016 to May 2017. Results: Sixty-nine subjects were included. Thirty-five (51%) remained in the household until the end of treatment or were reinserted in society. Thirty-four (49%) presented recurrence during their stay, of which 16 (47%) volunteered for treatment in a therapeutic community or psychiatric hospital, 8 (23.5%) chose to continue with outpatient treatment only, 6 (17.7%) returned to their families and continued to receive outpatient treatment, and 4 (11.8%) discontinued the treatment. Of the 35 subjects who completed the RH program, 28 (80%) were in employment and 7 (20%) received governmental support for permanent disability on medical or psychiatric grounds. Conclusion: RH can be an important component of integrated care and is used in several countries. Although controversial, the use of urine tests to control relapse seems to have a positive impact on adherence to treatment and maintenance of abstinence. These preliminary findings corroborate, with clear limitations, the evidence available in the literature showing that RH programs are effective for the treatment of addictions

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data