Inserção competitiva da indústria do mobiliário: estudo de caso a partir do referencial de arranjos produtivos locais

This study analyzes competitive insertion of the furniture industry from a case study of the Local Productive Arrangement (LPA) of the furniture in the West Region of Santa Catarina. The field research was conducted in 2013, using a structured questionnaire that identified the characteristics and the technological capabilities of the companies. This industry presents a predominance of micro and small enterprises, with fragmented productive structure, reflecting the existence of different niche products with high degree of differentiation. According to this characteristic and of the intense need to introduction technological innovations, the competitive insertion depends increasingly on external factors to companies. This analysis enabled us to identify the interactions, the institutional structure of support and especially the possibilities of development of LPA. The identification of the characteristics demonstrated that the possibilities for development of the LPA related to the density of the institutional and cooperatives interactions among agents.Este estudo analisa a inserção competitiva da indústria do mobiliário a partir de um estudo de caso do Arranjo Produtivo Local (APL) do mobiliário da Região Oeste de Santa Catarina. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada no ano de 2013, através de questionário estruturado que identificou as características e as capacitações tecnológicas das empresas. Essa indústria apresenta predomínio de micro e pequenas empresas, com estrutura produtiva fragmentada, refletindo a existência de diferentes nichos de produtos com elevado grau de diferenciação. Em função desta característica e da intensa necessidade de introdução de inovações tecnológicas, a inserção competitiva depende cada vez mais de fatores externos às empresas. Essa análise possibilitou identificar as interações, a estrutura institucional de apoio e especialmente as possibilidades de desenvolvimento do APL. A identificação das características demonstrou que as possibilidades de desenvolvimento relacionam-se com o adensamento das interações institucionais e cooperativas entre os agentes.&nbsp

Hábitos alimentares e fatores de risco para aterosclerose em estudantes de Bento Gonçalves (RS) Dietary habits and risk factors for atherosclerosis in students from Bento Gonçalves (state of Rio Grande do Sul)

FUNDAMENTO: A doença cardiovascular aterosclerótica inicia seu processo na infância precoce e é influenciada ao longo da vida por fatores genéticos e exposição ambiental a fatores de risco potencialmente modificáveis. OBJETIVO: Investigar a prevalência de fatores de risco para aterosclerose com ênfase nos hábitos alimentares em uma cidade de colonização predominantemente italiana. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional, envolvendo 590 estudantes do ensino fundamental com idades entre 9 e 18 anos, com amostra por conglomerado. Foram coletados: dados de identificação, história familiar e história pregressa, além das informações referentes à alimentação dos estudantes. Os hábitos alimentares considerados inadequados incluíram: consumo de fast food, guloseimas, bebidas açucaradas e gorduras de origem animal por quatro ou mais vezes por semana e frutas, hortaliças e leguminosas por menos de quatro vezes por semana. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de excesso de peso entre os estudantes foi 24,6% (n=145); pressão arterial elevada, 11,1% (n=65); tabagismo passivo, 35,4% (n=208); estilo de vida sedentário, 52,3% (n=306); história familiar doenças 1º grau: hipertensão arterial sistêmica, 21,4% e obesidade, 36,5%. Alimentos consumidos por quatro ou mais vezes por semana: fast food, 70,3% (n=411); guloseimas, 42,7% (n=252); bebidas açucaradas, 71% (n=419); e gorduras de origem animal, 24,4% (n=143). Alimentos consumidos por menos de quatro vezes por semana: frutas, 36,8% (n=215); hortaliças, 49,5% (n= 292) e leguminosas, 63,7% (n=374). CONCLUSÃO: São necessárias intervenções que promovam mudanças nos hábitos alimentares dos estudantes: maior consumo de frutas, hortaliças e leguminosas e aumento do nível de atividade física.BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease begins its process in early childhood and is influenced throughout life by genetic factors and environmental exposure to potentially modifiable risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of risk factors for atherosclerosis with emphasis on dietary habits in a predominantly Italian colonization town. METHODS: Population-based cross sectional study, involving 590 primary school students aged between 9 and 18 years, with a cluster sample. The following were collected: identification data, family history and personal history, and information regarding students' eating habits. Dietary habits considered inappropriate included: consumption of fast food, sugary snacks, sugar-sweetened beverages and animal fats four or more times a week, and fruits, green vegetables, and leguminous vegetables less than four times a week. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight among students was 24.6% (n = 145), high blood pressure, 11.1% (n = 65); passive smoking, 35.4% (n = 208); sedentary lifestyle, 52.3% (n = 306), family history of 1st degree disease: hypertension, 21.4%, obesity 36.5%. Food items eaten four or more times a week: fast food, 70.3% (n = 411); sugary snacks, 42.7% (n = 252), sugar-sweetened beverages, 71% (n = 419), and animal fats, 24.4% (n = 143). Food items eaten less than four times a week: fruits, 36.8% (n = 215), green vegetables, 49.5% (n = 292) and leguminous vegetables, 63.7% (n = 374). CONCLUSION: Interventions are needed to promote changes in students' eating habits: higher level of consumption of fruits, green vegetables and leguminous vegetables, and increased level of physical activity

Formation and Structure of a Cobalt(III) Complex Containing a Nonstabilized Pyridinium Ylide Ligand

The reaction of [CoIII(4,4\u2032dmsalen)(CH2Cl)(S)], where 4,4\u2032dmsalen = 4,4\u2032-dimethylsalen and S = solvent, with pyridine led to the formation of [CoIII(4,4\u2032dmsalen)(CH2py)(Cl)], containing a nonstabilized pyridinium ylide as axial ligand. The complex has been unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Time-resolved 1H NMR spectra showed that the formation of [CoIII(4,4\u2032dmsalen)(CH2py)(Cl)] occurs in a two-step process involving a metallacyclized intermediate, cis-\u3b2-[CoIII(4,4\u2032dmsalenCH2)(py)(S)]+. A similar experiment carried out in the presence of different nitrogen bases having higher pKa values (4-Me-py or 4-t-Bu-py) allowed a better separation of the two consecutive reactions. The almost complete conversion of [CoIII(4,4\u2032dmsalen)(CH2Cl)(S)] in the cyclized intermediate before the formation of the ylide indicates that the ylide complex forms exclusively through the nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen base at the 12CH2O\u2013 carbon of the cyclized species, whereas a parallel direct conversion through the displacement of Cl\u2013 from the axial CH2Cl group of [CoIII(4,4\u2032dmsalen)(CH2Cl)(S)] may be ruled out

Formation and Structure of a Cobalt(III) Complex Containing a Nonstabilized Pyridinium Ylide Ligand

The reaction of [Co^III(4,4′dmsalen)­(CH₂Cl)­(S)], where 4,4′dmsalen = 4,4′-dimethylsalen and S = solvent, with pyridine led to the formation of [Co^III(4,4′dmsalen)­(CH₂py)­(Cl)], containing a nonstabilized pyridinium ylide as axial ligand. The complex has been unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Time-resolved ¹H NMR spectra showed that the formation of [Co^III(4,4′dmsalen)­(CH₂py)­(Cl)] occurs in a two-step process involving a metallacyclized intermediate, <i>cis</i>-β-[Co^III(4,4′dmsalenCH₂)­(py)­(S)]⁺. A similar experiment carried out in the presence of different nitrogen bases having higher p<i>K</i>_a values (4-Me-py or 4-<i>t</i>-Bu-py) allowed a better separation of the two consecutive reactions. The almost complete conversion of [Co^III(4,4′dmsalen)­(CH₂Cl)­(S)] in the cyclized intermediate before the formation of the ylide indicates that the ylide complex forms exclusively through the nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen base at the −CH₂O– carbon of the cyclized species, whereas a parallel direct conversion through the displacement of Cl^– from the axial CH₂Cl group of [Co^III(4,4′dmsalen)­(CH₂Cl)­(S)] may be ruled out

Formation and Structure of a Cobalt(III) Complex Containing a Nonstabilized Pyridinium Ylide Ligand

The reaction of [Co^III(4,4′dmsalen)­(CH₂Cl)­(S)], where 4,4′dmsalen = 4,4′-dimethylsalen and S = solvent, with pyridine led to the formation of [Co^III(4,4′dmsalen)­(CH₂py)­(Cl)], containing a nonstabilized pyridinium ylide as axial ligand. The complex has been unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Time-resolved ¹H NMR spectra showed that the formation of [Co^III(4,4′dmsalen)­(CH₂py)­(Cl)] occurs in a two-step process involving a metallacyclized intermediate, <i>cis</i>-β-[Co^III(4,4′dmsalenCH₂)­(py)­(S)]⁺. A similar experiment carried out in the presence of different nitrogen bases having higher p<i>K</i>_a values (4-Me-py or 4-<i>t</i>-Bu-py) allowed a better separation of the two consecutive reactions. The almost complete conversion of [Co^III(4,4′dmsalen)­(CH₂Cl)­(S)] in the cyclized intermediate before the formation of the ylide indicates that the ylide complex forms exclusively through the nucleophilic attack of the nitrogen base at the −CH₂O– carbon of the cyclized species, whereas a parallel direct conversion through the displacement of Cl^– from the axial CH₂Cl group of [Co^III(4,4′dmsalen)­(CH₂Cl)­(S)] may be ruled out