F\ue9russac and d\u27Orbigny\u27s "Histoire naturelle g\ue9n\ue9rale et particuli\ue8re des C\ue9phalopodes ac\ue9tabulif\ue8res": Dates of Publication of Plates and Text

Volume: 107Start Page: 97End Page: 10

Symbioses bactériennes chez les Céphalopodes (caractérisation et rôles physiologiques)

Les populations bactériennes associées à Sepia officinalis etNnautilus macromphalus ont été localisées et caractérisées phylogénétiquement par des méthodes de biologie moléculaire. Chez N. Macromphalus, les techniques moléculaires ont confirmé la présence de symbiotes bactériens dans les appendices péricardiques, et les cavités cœlomiques. De plus, une nouvelle association a pu être signalée dans les appendices rénaux. En ce qui concerne S. Officinalis, diverses souches bactériennes ont été mises en évidence dans les glandes nidamentaires accessoires, les sacs rénaux et les sac coquilliers. Le séquençage du gène 16s RADN bactérien a permis de déterminer que 5 taxa bactériens composent la population symbiotique des glandes nidamentaires accessoires (Agrobacterium, Roseobacter, Rhodobium-Xanthobacter, Sporichthya et Clostridium). Seul le groupe Roseobacter a été précédemment décrit dans les glandes nidamentaires accessoires d'un autre céphalopode (Loligo), les autres souches bactériennes étant probablement spécifiques à S. Officinalis. La technique d'hybridation in situ a permis de localiser les divers groupes bactériens dans des tissus et de confirmer leur répartition à l'intérieur de tubules. Dans les sacs rénaux et le sac coquiller vivent trois taxa appartenant à la famille des Pseudomonacées. Cette famille est caractérisée par la capacité de recycler les produits azotés. Dans cette association, ces souches bactériennes jouent probablement un rôle dans les réactions qui permettent de transformer l'ammonium en azote qui est, lui, accumulé dans les chambres du sepion. Tous les groupes bactériens décrits dans les organes de S. Officinalis, à l'exception des bactéries gram+, ont été retrouvées dans les embryons. Ce résultat permet d'avancer que la transmission de ces associations symbiotiques est verticalePARIS-Museum Hist.Naturelle (751052304) / SudocSudocFranceF

Occurrence of a specific dual symbiosis in the excretory organ of geographically distant Nautiloids populations

Nautilus is one of the most intriguing of all sea creatures, sharing morphological similarities with the extinct forms of coiled cephalopods that evolved since the Cambrian (542-488 mya). Further, bacterial symbioses found in their excretory organ are of particular interest as they provide a great opportunity to investigate the influence of host-microbe interactions upon the origin and evolution of an innovative nitrogen excretory system. To establish the potential of Nautilus excretory organ as a new symbiotic system, it is, however, necessary to assess the specificity of this symbiosis and whether it is consistent within the different species of present-day Nautiloids. By addressing the phylogeny and distribution of bacterial symbionts in three Nautilus populations separated by more than 6000 km (N. pompilius from Philippines and Vanuatu, and N. macromphalus from New Caledonia), this study confirms the specificity of this dual symbiosis involving the presence of betaproteobacteria and spirochaete symbionts on a very wide geographical area. Overall, this work sheds further light on Nautiloids excretory organ as an innovative system of interaction between bacteria and cephalopods

Wolfgang Geiger (17 July 1921 - 3 July 2000)

Wolfgang Geiger died on the 3rd July 2000, at the age of 79. He was born on July 17th 1921 in Biel; his mother died at his birth. His childhood was spent with his father, a well-known artist, partly in Ligerz, on Lake Biel, and partly in Porto Ronco in Ticino, on Lago Maggiore. After high school in Biel, he began his University studies, first at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, then in Basel, where he studied under Professor A. Portmann. During his PhD a grant from the Janggen-Pöhn foundation enabled him to work for some months at the Institut des Pêches maritimes du Maroc, in Casablanca, with Dr. J .Furnestin. In 1953 he completed his PhD on teleost fish brain. His career as a biologist began in Bern at the Eidgenossische Inspektion für Fortwesen, Jagd und Fischerei. In 1962 he was appointed head assistant (chef des travaux) at the University of Geneva, in the comparative anatomy and physiology laboratory (Dr H. J. Huggel), where he discovered the joys and the limitations of teaching. He was highly regarded as a lecturer and taught in a relaxed atmosphere of mutual respect and trust, much appreciated by his students. Professor Geiger was also the main organiser of field trips to Sète, on the French Mediterranean coast, where he was in his element living on the water. He went out on the trawlers with the students and introduced them enthusiastically to the marvels of sea fauna. He was happy during those field trips and had the knack of communicating his happiness to the students

Diversité bactérienne associée aux organes excréteurs des Nautiloides (caractérisation du système symbiotique, implications évolutives et physiologiques)

Les appendices péricardiques des Nautiloides (origine cambrienne ~500 MA) cumulent les trois processus liés à la fonction d excrétion (filtration, réabsorption, sécrétion). Les bactéries symbiotiques abritées dans ces organes chez deux espèces de Nautiloides : Nautilus macromphalus (Nouvelle-Calédonie) et Nautilus pompilius (Philippines et Vanuatu) ont été caractérisées par différentes approches (séquençage de l ARNr 16S, CARD-FISH, TEM). L analyse phylogénétique a permis de proposer l hypothèse nouvelle d une double symbiose spécifique impliquant deux groupes bactériens (beta protéobactéries et spirochètes) présents chez tous les spécimens dans les trois zones géographiques étudiées. L hybridation de sondes spécifiques in situ a révélé une distribution des symbiotes en étroite liaison avec l ultrastructure fonctionnelle de l organe hôte. De plus, l incubation isotopique du complexe symbiotique supporte l hypothèse d une contribution des symbiotes dans le métabolisme azoté de l hôte.PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Associations symbiotiques chez les céphalopodes (étude comparative de la diversité bactérienne dans les glandes nidamentaires accessoires du système reproducteur)

PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Cephalopods from the waters around Wallis and Futuna Islands in the central South Pacific

A small collection of cephalopods collected from the waters off the Wallis and Futuna Islands in the central South Pacific is reported. The collection comprises 17 specimens belonging to 13 taxa in six families. Three forms of Heteroteuthis are present, representing at least two species, including what appears to be a new species which is not named because of the limited material available. A record of Idioteuthis cordiformis represents a considerable range extension. The new species Sepia subplana sp. nov. represents the eastern-most record of any cuttlefish in the Pacific Ocean

Phylogeny of decapod cephalopods based on partial 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences

Various systematic and phylogenetic relationships have been proposed for extent decapod Cephalopods, based mainly on morphology and on the rare paleontological remains. Nucleotide sequence data from the 3' end of 16S rDNA gene were used as an alternative approach to morphology; this gene portion having proved to be appropriate to test divergences in other groups of assumed equivalent age. The results from 27 Decapoda species allowed us to calculate phylogenetic trees by the neighbor joining and parsimony methods (Paup and Hennig86). The trees were submitted to bootstrapping. The order Sepioidea, including the sepiids, sepiolids and spirulids, is not supported by molecular evidence. Sepiolids are clearly excluded from the order, and the position of the Spirulidae needs further clarification. In oegopsids, the intrafamilial groupings obtained by the molecular approach is in agreement with morphological data. The unresolved phylogeny at the suprafamilial level might be the result of two different events: earlier divergence than the Cenozoic, or unequal evolutionary rates among taxa having appeared either by successive emergence or by fast radiation. The 3' end of 16S rDNA gene of cephalopods is a precious tool to analyze taxonomic relationships at the infrafamilial level. A gene with a lower evolutionary rate, is necessary to establish higher taxa phylogeny

Catalogue of types of recent Cephalopoda in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (France)

many collections of historical and scientific significance are gathered in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN). The collection of cephalopods dates back to the end of the 17th century, to LAMARCK. It was considerably increased during the first half of the 19th century, an era of great explorations, when specimens from around the world were added to the collection. The publication of the monumental contrbution to teuthology by FÉRUSSAC & D'ORBIGNY (1834-1848), based largely on the collections of the MNHN, further enhanced their value. The scientific and historical imporance, the long history and the broad geographical coverage of the collection made it desirable to have a catalog of the type specimens deposited in the MNHN. This envolved an extensive search of the literature, an exhaustive analysis of the register of the Museum's cephalopod collection and a thorough examination of all specimens in the collection. Accordingly, the original material of 214 species were thought to be deposited in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History in Paris. However, after extensive search, only 103 of them appeared to be still available, 103 could not be found, and there were 8 nomina nuda