Poly[[[[1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-methyl­piperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro­quinoline-3-carboxyl­ato]cadmium]-μ-benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl­ato] trihydrate]

In the title layered coordination polymer, {[Cd(C17H18F2N3O3)(C8H4O4)]·3H2O}n, the CdII atom exhibits a very distorted CdO6 octa­hedral geometry defined by one O 3,O 4-bidentate 1-ethyl-6,8-difluoro-7-(3-methyl­piperazin-1-yl)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydro­quinoline-3-carboxyl­ate (lome) ligand, one O,O′-bidentate benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl­ate (bdc) dianion and two O-monodentate bdc dianions. Both the bdc species in the asymmetric unit are completed by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The bridging bdc dianions link the cadmium nodes into a recta­ngular grid lying parallel to (01). A network of N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds helps to establish the packing

A Novel Method HPLC-DAD Analysis of the Contentsof Moutan Cortexand Paeoniae Radix Alba with Similar Constituents-Monoterpene Glycosides in Guizhi Fuling Wan

A variety of traditional Chinese medical formulations contain two or more herbs from the same genus or family. Although these herbs may have a similar appearance and constituents, they usually have different pharmacodynamic actions. A series of qualitative and quantitative analysis methods are developed to determine one or more compounds for quality control of medicine. As far as we know, no method has been found to determine the real ratio of the two herbs along with the prescription. In this study, we used HPLC-DAD as a way to determine the content of Moutan cortex (M) and Paeoniae radix alba (P) in GuizhiFuling Wan (GZFLW). An effective, accurate and reliable HPLC-DAD method was developed for detecting the content of M and P in GZFLW through the analysis of four monoterpeneglycosides, namely, galloylpaeoniflorin (1), paeoniflorin (2), mudanpioside C (3) and benzoylpaeoniflorin (4). Due to the different UV characteristics of the compounds, the detection wavelength was 270 nm for 1 and 2, while 3 and 4 were monitored at 254 nm and 230 nm, respectively. Four equations were put forward to describe the relationship between content of M as well as P and the four monoterpene glycosides in GZFLW. After validation, all the accuracies of the M and P contents in GZFLW were within 10%. The result showed that the method could be successfully applied to analyze the contents of M and P in GZFLW. Moreover, our method may be more widely used to control the quality of proprietary Chinese medicines, especially for those containing the same genus or family herbs, in industrial GMP production

Effects of Periostracum Cicadae on Cytokines and Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins in an IgA Nephropathy Rat Model

Periostracum cicadae, the cast-off shell of the cicada Cryptotympana pustulata Fabricius, is used in traditional Chinese medicine for its diaphoretic, anticonvulsive, sedative, antipyretic, and antiallergic effects. However, the exact pathogenesis of immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) remains unclear, thereby hindering investigations to identify novel therapeutic agents. A rat IgAN model was established by administration of bovine serum albumin, lipopolysaccharide, and carbon tetrachloride, which simultaneously established blood stasis and a heat syndrome model. The animals were sacrificed to detect changes in protein levels in urine and blood. Immunofluorescence was performed to assess IgA deposition in the glomeruli. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematology and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling), and immunohistochemical staining were performed to evaluate histopathological changes in kidney tissues. Additionally, target-related proteins were measured by Western blotting. Periostracum cicadae resulted in a reduction in blood and urine protein levels. Serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels significantly decreased in the periostracum cicadae-treated groups compared to the IgAN group. Furthermore, a reduction in MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1), TLR4 ((Toll-Like Receptor 4)), and IgA expression levels and a dose-dependent increase in caspase 3 expression were observed in response to periostracum cicadae treatment. TGF-β1(Transforming Growth Factor-β) levels decreased, whereas that of Fas increased in the kidney tissues of the periostracum cicadae-treated groups. The findings of the present study indicate that periostracum cicadae induces apoptosis and improves kidney inflammation and fibrosis in IgA nephropathy rat models

Di- and Triterpenoids from the Leaves of <i>Casearia balansae</i> and Neurite Outgrowth Promoting Effects of PC12 Cells

A bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation of the leaves of <i>Casearia balansae</i> led to the isolation of six new cucurbitane-type triterpenoid derivatives (balanterpenes A–F, <b>1</b>–<b>6</b>) and four new clerdoane-type diterpenoids (balanterpenes G–J, <b>7</b>–<b>10</b>). The structures of <b>1</b>–<b>10</b> were established on the basis of extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallography, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compound <b>1</b> features a ring-expanded triterpenoid skeleton with the C-19 methyl involved in the ring formation, compound <b>6</b> possesses a rare hexanortriterpenoid scaffold, and compounds <b>7</b>–<b>10</b> may be four new diterpenoid artifacts presumably formed during the extraction and purification processes. Compounds <b>3</b> and <b>7</b>–<b>10</b> showed promoting effects on neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells with EC₅₀ values in the range 2.9–10.0 μM