Positionnement des systèmes multi-agents pour les systèmes de transport intelligents

National audienceThe use of new information and communication technologies has become a central solution to improve transport systems. What has led to which is called the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Societal challenges for ensuring their effective implementations are crucial both to respond to users needs, and to design sustainable transport systems. In this paper, we argue that multi-agent paradigm can address the needs of this domain. We introduce ITS, and we emphasize three main issues of ITS which are how to ensure its functionality, how to render it more "intelligent" despite constraints in scalability, and the ethical implications. Some selected research works are provided to illustrate these issuesL’utilisation des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication pour l’amélioration des systèmes de transport est une solution devenue centrale dans le domaine du transport. Le résultat est ce que l’on appelle les systèmes de transport intelligents (STI). Les enjeux sociétaux de leur mise en œuvre sont cruciaux en termes de réponse aux besoins des usagers mais également pour la conception de systèmes de transports durables. Dans ce papier, nous défendons l’idée que le paradigme multi-agent peut répondre aux besoins de ce domaine. Nous proposons ainsi de présenter le domaine des STI et de focaliser notre attention sur trois problématiques : la manière d’assurer sa fonctionnalité, la manière de le rendre plus « intelligent » malgré des contraintes de passage à l’échelle, et enfin ses conséquences éthiques. Quelques travaux de recherche illustrent notre propos

On M-stationarity conditions in MPECs and the associated qualification conditions

Depending on whether a mathematical program with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) is considered in its original or its enhanced (via KKT conditions) form, the assumed constraint qualifications (CQs) as well as the derived necessary optimality conditions may differ significantly. In this paper, we study this issue when imposing one of the weakest possible CQs, namely the calmness of the perturbation mapping associated with the respective generalized equations in both forms of the MPEC. It is well known that the calmness property allows one to derive so-called M-stationarity conditions. The strength of assumptions and conclusions in the two forms of the MPEC is strongly related with the CQs on the 'lower level' imposed on the set whose normal cone appears in the generalized equation. For instance, under just the Mangasarian-Fromovitz CQ (a minimum assumption required for this set), the calmness properties of the original and the enhanced perturbation mapping are drastically different. They become identical in the case of a polyhedral set or when adding the Full Rank CQ. On the other hand, the resulting optimality conditions are affected too. If the considered set even satisfies the Linear Independence CQ, both the calmness assumption and the derived optimality conditions are fully equivalent for the original and the enhanced form of the MPEC. A compilation of practically relevant consequences of our analysis in the derivation of necessary optimality conditions is provided in the main Theorem 4.3. The obtained results are finally applied to MPECs with structured equilibria

Towards hydrodynamics without an entropy current

We present a generating functional which describes the equilibrium thermodynamic response of a relativistic system to external sources. A variational principle gives rise to constraints on the response parameters of relativistic hydrodynamics without making use of an entropy current. Our method reproduces and extends results available in the literature. It also provides a technique for efficiently computing n-point zero-frequency hydrodynamic correlation functions without the need to solve the equations of hydrodynamics.Comment: 4+epsilon pages, v2: comments and references adde

Solving joint chance constrained problems using regularization and Benders' decomposition

In this paper we investigate stochastic programms with joint chance constraints. We consider discrete scenario set and reformulate the problem by adding auxiliary variables. Since the resulting problem has a difficult feasible set, we regularize it. To decrease the dependence on the scenario number, we propose a numerical method by iteratively solving a master problem while adding Benders cuts. We find the solution of the slave problem (generating the Benders cuts) in a closed form and propose a heuristic method to decrease the number of cuts. We perform a numerical study by increasing the number of scenarios and compare our solution with a solution obtained by solving the same problem with continuous distribution

Design Blueprint for Stress-Sensitive Adaptive Enterprise Systems

Stress is a major problem in the human society, impairing the well-being, health, performance, and productivity of many people worldwide. Most notably, people increasingly experience stress during human-computer interactions because of the ubiquity of and permanent connection to information and communication technologies. This phenomenon is referred to as technostress. Enterprise systems, designed to improve the productivity of organizations, frequently contribute to this technostress and thereby counteract their objective. Based on theoretical foundations and input from exploratory interviews and focus group discussions, the paper presents a design blue-print for stress-sensitive adaptive enterprise systems (SSAESes). A major characteristic of SSAESes is that bio-signals (e.g., heart rate or skin conductance) are integrated as real-time stress measures, with the goal that systems automatically adapt to the users’ stress levels, thereby improving human-computer interactions. Various design interventions on the individual, technological, and organi- zational levels promise to directly affect stressors or moderate the impact of stressors on important negative effects (e.g., health or performance). However, designing and deploying SSAESes pose significant challenges with respect to technical feasibility, social and ethical accept- ability, as well as adoption and use. Considering these challenges, the paper proposes a 4-stage step-by-step implementation approach. With this Research Note on technostress in organizations, the authors seek to stimulate the discussion about a timely and important phenomenon, particularly from a design science research perspective