16,151 research outputs found
Backward Error Analysis of Factorization Algorithms for Symmetric and Symmetric Triadic Matrices
We consider the factorization of a symmetric matrix where is
unit lower triangular and is block diagonal with diagonal blocks of
order or . This is a generalization of the Cholesky factorization,
and pivoting is incorporated for stability. However, the reliability of
the Bunch-Kaufman pivoting strategy and Bunch's pivoting method for
symmetric tridiagonal matrices could be questioned, because they may
result in unbounded . In this paper, we give a condition under which
factorization will run to completion in inexact arithmetic with
inertia preserved. In addition, we present a new proof of the
componentwise backward stability of the factorization using the inner
product formulation, giving a slight improvement of the bounds in Higham's
proofs, which relied on the outer product formulation and normwise
analysis.
We also analyze the stability of rank estimation of symmetric indefinite
matrices by factorization incorporated with the Bunch-Parlett
pivoting strategy, generalizing results of Higham for the symmetric
semidefinite case.
We call a matrix triadic if it has no more than two non-zero off-diagonal
elements in any column. A symmetric tridiagonal matrix is a special case.
In this paper, we display the improvement in stability bounds when the
matrix is triadic
The Nature of Retrograde Analysis for Chinese Chess
Retrograde analysis has been successfully applied to solve Awari and
construct 6-piece Western chess endgame databases. However, its
application to Chinese chess is limited because of the special rules about
indefinite move sequences.
Problems caused by the most influential rule, checking indefinitely were
successfully solved in practical cases, with selected endgame
databases constructed in accord with this rule, where the 60-move-rule was
ignored. Other special rules have much less impact on contaminating the
databases, as verified by the rule-tolerant algorithms. For constructing
complete endgame databases, we need rigorous algorithms. There are two
rule sets in Chinese chess: Asian rule set and Chinese rule set. In this
paper, an algorithm is successfully developed to construct endgame
databases in accord with the Asian rule set. The graph-theoretical
properties are also explored as well
Acute Myocardial Infarction Presenting with Sudden Death Owing to Cardiac Rupture
A 74-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with a clinical diagnosis of angina pectoris. An electrocardiogram performed in the emergency room showed a sinus rhythm and no evidence of myocardial ischemia or infarction. On the 2nd day, the patient experienced persistent protracted chest pain that could not be relieved by sublingual nitroglycerine administration, which was subsequently followed by sudden hemodynamic collapse, loss of consciousness, and apparent electromechanical dissociation a few minutes later. Immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation was performed. Instantaneous electrocardiography demonstrated acute extensive anterior and inferior myocardial infarction. Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed promptly, which revealed the presence of pericardial effusion and an echo-dense suspected blood clot within the pericardial cavity, as well as diffuse severe hypocontractility of the whole myocardium. Urgent surgical intervention with subxiphoid incision was performed at the bedside of the patient. During the surgery, a large quantity of blood was drained from the pericardial cavity. The patient died soon, prior to being sent to the operation room, because of protracted cardiac standstill. In conclusion, in a patient with acute myocardial infarction who presents with persistent, protracted chest pain and hemodynamic instability, cardiac rupture should be considered and echocardiography should be performed promptly
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