113 research outputs found
FORMULATION, DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISATION OF NIMODIPINE LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES
Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of Nimodipine using hot homogenization followed by ultrasonication technique and to improve the dissolution characteristics of the drug.
Methods: The Nimodipine-loaded SLN was prepared using palmitic acid and stearic acid as a lipid matrix and Tween-80 as an emulsifier by a hot homogenization and ultra-sonication method. The physicochemical characteristics of SLN were investigated for entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, in vitro drug release, particle size analysis, Fourier transform infrared studies, scanning electron microscopy, and stability studies.
Results: The mean particle size, PDI, Zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of optimized Nimodipine SLN formulation of stearic acid was found to be 119.54 nm, 0.165,-17.60mV, 85% and for palmitic acid was found to be 132.54 nm, 0.155,-17.0mV, 81% respectively. In vitro drug release studies indicated that after an initial burst release, SLN could provide prolonged release of Nimodipine. The selected SLNs have shown good stability for a period of 180 d.
Conclusion: SLN formulations showed the best results in EE as well as in vitro drug release and therefore, these results indicate that SLN might be a promising delivery system to enhance the release of Nimodipine
FORMULATION AND PHARMACOKINETIC DETERMINATION OF GALLIC ACID IN EMBLICA OFFICINALIS
Objective: The present work was to formulate oral herbal tablets of Emblica officinalis extract and also with pure gallic acid, further to determine the dosage frequency through pharmacokinetic profiles obtained for the same.Methods: The Emblica officinalis fruits were suitably extracted and the concentration of gallic acid in Emblica officinalis extract was estimated by HPTLC (High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) with a comparison to pure form. Tablets were prepared with extract and synthetic form through direct compression technique by varying the process and formulation parameters. The formulated tablets were administered to rabbit models and their pharmacokinetic profile was studied after withdrawing blood samples through HPLC (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography).Results: The concentration of gallic acid in Emblica officinalis was found to be 8.21%. The pre and post compression parameters evaluated for the formulated batches found to be within the pharmacopoeial limits. The in vivo pharmacokinetic studies conducted in rabbit models showed that there were no significant differences with p-value between the pharmacokinetic data obtained for pure and extract gallic acid tablets. The Cmax was found to be 4.59├В┬▒0.95 ├В┬╡g/ml in the extract form which was little low when compared to the pure form of 6.38├В┬▒1.08 ├В┬╡g/ml. The t1/2 in the extract form was 6.0├В┬▒0.33 h, whereas it was 4.92├В┬▒0.36 h in the pure form of gallic acid.Conclusion: The Emblica officinalis extract tablet showed average t1/2 of 6 h, so about every 6 h one tablet compared to 4 h of t1/2 for pure gallic acid tablet can be the dosing frequency for the rabbit.├В
Rapid assessment of the fish trade, arrivals and price realization in Kerala
Fisheries contribute to around 3 % of the
economy of Kerala and provides employment to
about 2.14 lakh people including its secondary and
tertiary sectors such as marketing and processing.
The marine fish landings in Kerala (2015) was 4.82
lakh tonnes forming 73.36 % of the total fish
production in the state. A considerable 30%
reduction in the marine fish landings during 2015
compared to the average (2010-14) landings of 6.82
lakh tonnes was noticed
Scope for light assisted fishing in Southeastern Arabian Sea
Scope for light assisted fishing in
Southeastern Arabian Se
Paralarva of the sharpear enope squid Ancistrocheirus lesueurii (Oegopsida: Ancistrocheiridae) in the southeastern Arabian Sea
First morphological description of an early stage paralarva of the
sharpear enope squid Ancistrocheirus lesueurii from southeastern
Arabian Sea is presented. The paralarva was collected at dusk by
using surface tows of zooplankton nets in February 2012. The
presence of paralarva A. lesueurii indicates that this species
completes its life cycle in this sea. A comparison of the arm
formula of paralarva and adult stages shows a major change in
the formula during metamorphosis to adult
Impulse effect of demonetisation on the fishing operations, trade and fish consumption in Ernakulam, Kerala
A rapid survey was conducted during 24-26
November 2016 in order to assess the effect of
demonetisation of the ` 1000 and ` 500 currency
bills on the marine fishing operations, trade and
fish consumption in Ernakulam district, Kerala across
different landing centres and markets. A structured
schedule eliciting information on the details related
to the total number of fishing operations, crew size,
landings, price realised, etc. was used (Annexure
1). The traders (exporters, wholesalers and
retailers) were queried on the changes in the
quantum of transaction and prices (paid and
demonstration realised) during the pre and past
periods. The study analysed the extent of different
fishing operations by mechanised, motorised and
non-mechanised sector in the landing centres /
harbours of Munambam, Chellanam, Fort Cochin,
Cochin Fisheries harbour and Kalamukku during the
pre-demonetised (prior to 8th November) and post
demonetised (9-23 November 2016) period covering
a fortnight The fishing operations include the
number of trips, days of fishing, depth of fishing,
crew size, crew share, operating cost etc. The
traders from the Broadway, Thevara, Thoppumpady,
Chambakkara and Kaloor fish markets were
interviewed for assessing the status of the business
during these days. In addition, consumers were
interviewed on their pattern of fish consumption
during the period
Scope for mechanized fishing of teleosts with light attraction in Southeastern Arabian Sea
The sense of vision coupled with powers of
chemoreception is used by many fishes to orient
and perform activities such as foraging, breeding
and avoiding predators. In such cases their behaviour
is affected by light stimuli, natural or artificial.
These responses include changes in schooling
behaviour, spatial distribution, migration,
reproduction etc
Occurrence and distribution of paralarvae and juveniles of purpleback flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the Arabian Sea
Occurrence and distribution of
paralarvae and juveniles of purpleback
flying squid Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in
the Arabian Se
Assessing Demand Drivers in Augmenting Fish Consumption in Ernakulam
Objectives: Assessing the fish consumption pattern, with special focus on analysing the trends and pattern of fish consumption and to identify the factors that drives people for fish consumption. Methods/Statistical analysis: The primary statistical tool of percentage analysis, conjoint analysis, Garrette ranking etc. have been carried out to assess various parameters of the study. One of the major analyses such as conjoint analysis and preference assessment index methods are carried out to find out the consumer preferences and pattern of fish consumption among the respondents. Findings/Application: The study points out that the average monthly income of the respondents has a very good role on the fish consumption as about 38% of the income is used for purchasing fish. 54.2% of the total respondents were purchasing fish on a daily basis and about 72% of the respondents depend on the retail centres for purchasing fish. Conjoint analysis results indicates that the optimum fish quality set, which provides the consumers with optimum benefit is the variety of fish from the retail fish markets which are highly fresh and good quality. Mackerel remains the most preferred fish with a high score of 0.577 followed by Sardine 0.561 in the preference index analysis and it has been found that the highest preference index is given for the availability of the fish species. Despite of any income group there exists a high uniformity between the respondents in buying mackerel as well as sardine. From Garrette ranking technique for constraints in fish consumption found that lack of fresh fish, high price and irregular supply as the major constraints for fish consumption
Wave forecasting and monitoring during very severe cyclone Phailin in the Bay of Bengal
Wave fields, both measured and forecast during the very severe cyclone Phailin, are discussed in this communication. Waves having maximum height of 13.54 m were recorded at Gopalpur, the landfall point of the cyclone. The forecast and observed significant wave heights matched well at Gopalpur with correlation coefficient of 0.98, RMS error of 0.35 m and scatter index of 14%. Forecasts were also validated in the open ocean and found to be reliable (scatter index < 15%). The study also revealed the presence of Southern Ocean swells with a peak period of 20-22 sec hitting Gopalpur coast along with the cyclone-generated waves
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