Insulinoma - review of characteristics, diagnosis and treatment

Introduction and purpose: Insulinoma is one of a group of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). This tumor has its origin in the β cells of the pancreatic islets, which are responsible for the production of insulin. Excessive amounts of this hormone in the body manifest hypoglycemic neuroglycopenic and sympathetic-overstimulation symptoms. The purpose of this review is to analyze information on the characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of patients with insulinoma.  Material and methods: This review was based on available data collected in the PubMed database and published between 2017 and 2022. The study was conducted by reviewing keywords as follows: "insulinoma," "NEN," "diagnosis," and "treatment." Results: The diagnosis of insulinoma consists of a typical clinical presentation, biochemical test results indicating hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, and presence of a tumor. The treatment targets solutions leading to a complete recovery, usually performing open surgery involving enucleation of the tumor. Conclusions: Despite the characteristic clinical picture, insulinoma is still often a diagnostic problem. It is necessary to work towards improving diagnostic methods and conduct further research into the most effective methods of treating insulinoma

Botulinum toxin - introduction, indications and safety of usage

Introduction and purpose:   This review aims to introduct botulinum toxin as a potentially efficent and safe therapeutic option in many diseases.  Material and method:  This review was mainly based on articles collected in Pubmed in years 2012-2021. The research was done by looking through keywords as follows “botulinum toxin”, “botox”, “bruxism”, “first bite syndrome”.  Results:  The selected studies have demonstrated that botulinum toxin usage is effective, safe and should be considered as therapeutic option in many diseases.  Conclusions:  Botulinum toxin efficiency is proven in therapy of many different types of disorders. Further studies are required to reveal its full potiential, which will most likely lead to its increasing usage in treatment.&nbsp

Braf protein mutation and its significancy within patients with melanoma

Introduction and purpose:   This review aims to analyze BRAF mutation significancy and its influence on progression and therapy methods within patients with melanoma.  Material and method:  This review was mainly based on articles collected in Pubmed in years 2004-2018. The research was done by looking through keywords as follows “braf kinase”, “braf mutation”, “melanoma” “wemurafenib”.  Results:  The selected studies have demonstrated that it is justified to identify patient with BRAF mutation due to it’s influence on treatment’s method choosing.  Conclusions:  Citied researches have proven BRAF mutation significancy in growth and progressions of many malignant tumors. Further tests are likely to not only prolong life expectancy within patients with melanoma, but also being a source of crucial knowledge about tumors development.&nbsp

Vitamin D toxicity – causes, symptoms and diagnosis

Abstract:  Introduction and purpose: This review aims to analyze causes, symptoms and diagnosis of overdosing vitamin D resulting in vitamin D toxicity (VDT).  Material and method: This paper was based on medical articles collected in Pubmed from 2008 to 2021 year. The research has been done by looking through keywords such as “vitamin D” “toxicity”.  Results: The review of studies showed that manifestation of VDT is mainly associated with hypercalcemia and its course can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening, including death. We also draw attention to inappropriate use and widespread of vitamin D products.  Conclusion: There is a high demand for medical health workers to advise patients on possible effects of inappropriate use of vitamin D products and its toxicity. Medical practitioners should be attentive to quickly identify VDT.&nbsp

Multiple myeloma and kidney disease

Abstract   Background: Multiple myeloma is a clonal plasma cell neoplasm which affects 1% of all malignancies. In this article we reviewed epidemiology, symptoms with particular attention to renal failure and its manifestation in multiple myeloma (MM). Material and methods: This paper was based on medical articles collected in PubMed from 2001 to 2022, medical websites and books. The research has been done by looking through key words such as: „multiple myeloma”, „myeloma cast nephropathy”, „bortezomib”, „RANKL” Results: Multiple myeloma has indolent course and many patients present renal disorders at the moment of diagnosis. The use of novel therapies can reverse renal failure. Conclusions: Treatment of the patients with MM and kidney disease is challenging for health care professionals. Doctors have to adjust treatment to provide the best therapeutic effects

Monkeypox - review

Introduction and purpose:  This review aims to analyze the current information about monkeypox and the virus which causes the disease.  Material and method: This review was based on articles collected in PubMed and published in the years 2012-2022 The research was done by looking through keywords as follows: „monkeypox”; „zoonosis”;„tecovirimat” Results: The selected studies have demonstrated that the monkeypox virus is a high-danger pathogen that causes a disease important to public health. More research on this topic has to be done to prevent and better comprehend the potential threat.  Conclusions:  According to the cited research, public health systems should be aware of practical methods to reduce the risk of monkeypox spreading. It is crucial to monitor the spreading of the monkeypox disease and create effective preparation. Moreover, governments should develop strategies to prevent their population.&nbsp

Comparison of HPV testing and cervical cytology in prevention of cervical cancer

Introduction and purpose  This article aims to compare two guiding methods of cervical cancer screening: cervical cytology  and HPV testing. The objective is to provide information on which method  is currently more relevant in the early detection of precancerous lesions and and therefore should  be more frequently used.        Materials and method  This review was mainly based on articles from around the world collected in Pubmed in 2003-2022, medical books and websites. The research was done by looking through keywords as follows: “cervical cancer”, “cytology”, “HPV testing”.  Results  All selected studies have demonstrated that HPV testing is a more appropriate indicator for initial  high-grade CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) than cytology.  Conclusions  According to the cited researches, the public health system should definitely pay more attention  to HPV testing as the first stage of cervical cancer screening. Moreover,  it should clarify by comparing all advantages and disadvantages of methods, which further diagnostic pathway is the most effective and has the best outcomes for the patients.   Keywords  cervical cancer, cervical screening, cytology, HPV primary screening, HPV testing  &nbsp

Osgood-Schlatter disease and potential treatment

Background: Aseptic necrosis of the tibial tuberosity, also known as Osgood-Schlatter disease, is one of the more common causes of pain in the tibia area in children and adolescents. The pathology is much more common in boys than in girls. Young athletes, including training footballers, basketball players and volleyball players, as well as children who actively spend their free time are particularly exposed to the development of the disease.  Material and methods: This paper was based on medical articles collected in PubMed , medical websites and books. The research has been done by looking through key words such as:’’ Osgood-Schlatter disease”,’’Osgood-Schlatter treatment”  Results: Osgood-Schlatter disease is usually self-limiting. In the absence of symptom relief, there are operational methods, which, however, are ambiguous.  Conclusions: Treatment of OSD patients and a challenge for healthcare professionals.&nbsp

Osteogenesis imperfecta and potential therapies

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetically determined disorder of connective tissue. In this article we reviewed epidemiology, types of OI, pathophysiology, symptoms and potential therapies.Material and methods: This paper was based on medical articles collected in PubMed from 2006 to 2022, medical websites and books. The research has been done by looking through key words such as: „osteogenesis imperfecta”, „osteogenesis imperfecta treatment”, „bisphosphonate”, „sillence classification”.Results: The pathophysiology of osteogenesis imperfecta is well understood. Treatment and symptoms of the disease depend on the type of osteogenesis imperfecta.Conclusions: Treatment of the patients with OI is challenging for health care professionals. Medical care for majority of patients with OI extends their life and improves its quality. Despite advances in science, causal treatment still does not exist

Creatine supplementation and its influence on human organism

Background: Creatine supplementation is one of the most popular methods of improving athletic performance. In this article we reviewed its positive and negative influence on human organism. Materials and Methods: This paper was based on medical articles collected in PubMed from 1998 to 2019. The research has been done by looking through the key words such as: “creatine”, “supplementation”, “influence”, “kidney”, “renal effects”. Results: Creatine supplementation has no negative influence on renal function. Moreover it appears to have a positive effect on some aspects of metabolism. Conclusions: According to the available knowledge, creatine supplementation in appropriate doses is safe. &nbsp