Les valeurs de la science. Enquête sur les réformes de l’évaluation de la recherche enFrance, Clémentine Gozlan, ENS Editions, 2020,

Les valeurs de la science. Enquête sur les réformes de l'évaluation de la recherche en France Clémentine Gozlan ENS Editions, 2020, 259 p. Clémentine Gozlan est maîtresse de conférences à l'Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines et chercheuse associée au Centre de sociologie des organisations de Sciences Po. Cet ouvrage est issu de sa thèse en sociologie, qui a été l'occasion d'une investigation approfondie de l'AERES (Agence de l'évaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur), réalisée de 2011 à 2013. Cette agence, créée par la loi de programmation de la recherche (LPR) de 2007 était alor

Politiques de gestion a long terme des pollutions: Incidences de differentes hypotheses de developpement socio-economique et d'amenagement du territoire sur l'etat de l'environnement a moyen et long terme

SIGLECNRS-CDST / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Tailoring Foresight to field specificities

The paper presents an approach at improving the impact of Foresight by systematically taking into account the characteristics of the targeted research and innovation (R&I) domains when designing a Foresight exercise. The paper addresses recent developments in Foresight theory and practice which allow for deploying a hybrid methodological framework where different approaches serve different purposes in specific phases in order to tailor Foresight to a wide range of different contexts and objectives. The paper can be characterised as empirically based theory building. The theoretical framework is elaborated by applying it in two R&I fields: (i) GM plants and (ii) Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies. Hence, this research is expected to contribute improving the strategic processes of priority setting in techno-institutional arenas both on the national and international level. In particular it is suggested that the capability of Foresight to function as a systemic innovation policy instrument for enhancing innovation and learning capability could be improved substantially by tailoring the Foresight approach to the targeted innovation arena

Recherche sur la methodologie des indicateurs de comparaisons internationales de science et technologie Presentation des travaux et des resultats

SIGLEAvailable at INIST (FR), Document Supply Service, under shelf-number : AR 14874 (1); AR 14874 (2); AR 14874 (3) / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Prendre au sérieux la société de la connaissance: Livre blanc

il s'agit d'un type de produit dont les métadonnées ne correspondent pas aux métadonnées attendues dans les autres types de produit : REPORTCe Livre Blanc est le fruit de quatre années de rencontres, de séminaires préparatoires, de colloques, d’auditions, de focus groups.Plus de 1.500 personnes y ont contribué depuis 2012. Il est représentatif de ce que l’on nomme « la société de la connaissance par le bas ». Il se justifie d’autant plus que la confiance de tous nos interlocuteurs dans l’apport des démarches scientifiques comme de la formation supérieure dans la construction de notre futur commun est avérée.Ce Livre Blanc est une contribution à l’analyse. Il propose des pistes d’amélioration des politiques publiques. Il vise à définir l’horizond’actions pour les acteurs concernés : le législateur, l’exécutif, lesacteurs de la société civile, les établissements d’enseignement supérieuret de recherche, et les collectivités. (...)Evelyne Lhoste et Pierre-Benoit Joly du Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Sciences Innovations Sociétés de l'Inra font partie du comité de pilotage et de rédaction

High Risk of Anal and Rectal Cancer in Patients With Anal and/or Perianal Crohn’s Disease

International audienceBackground & AimsLittle is known about the magnitude of the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with anal and/or perineal Crohn’s disease. We aimed to assess the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with Crohn’s perianal disease followed up in the Cancers Et Surrisque Associé aux Maladies Inflammatoires Intestinales En France (CESAME) cohort.MethodsWe collected data from 19,486 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) enrolled in the observational CESAME study in France, from May 2004 through June 2005; 14.9% of participants had past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease. Subjects were followed up for a median time of 35 months (interquartile range, 29–40 mo). To identify risk factors for anal cancer in the total CESAME population, we performed a case-control study in which participants were matched for age and sex.ResultsAmong the total IBD population, 8 patients developed anal cancer and 14 patients developed rectal cancer. In the subgroup of 2911 patients with past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s lesions at cohort entry, 2 developed anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 3 developed perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 6 developed rectal cancer. The corresponding incidence rates were 0.26 per 1000 patient-years for anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 0.38 per 1000 patient-years for perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 0.77 per 1000 patient-years for rectal cancer. Among the 16,575 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease without anal or perianal lesions, the incidence rate of anal cancer was 0.08 per 1000 patient-years and of rectal cancer was 0.21 per 1000 patient-years. Among factors tested by univariate conditional regression (IBD subtype, disease duration, exposure to immune-suppressive therapy, presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions), the presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions at cohort entry was the only factor significantly associated with development of anal cancer (odds ratio, 11.2; 95% CI, 1.18-551.51; P = .03).ConclusionsIn an analysis of data from the CESAME cohort in France, patients with anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease have a high risk of anal cancer, including perianal fistula–related cancer, and a high risk of rectal cancer