Regeneracion y sensibilidad a manosa en entrenudos de papa (solanum tuberosum spp. andígena var diacol capiro).

RESUMEN Se estableció un sistema de organogénesis indirecta para la obtención de brotes múltiples a partir de segmentos internodales de la variedad Diacol Capiro. La ubicación de explantes en medio Murashige y Skoog (MS) suplementado con 2 mg/l de zeatina ribosido (ZR), 0,02 mg/l de ácido naftalenácetico (ANA) y 0,02 mg/l de ácido giberélico (AG3), permite la obtención de plántulas entre la séptima y novena semana con una efectividad del 80-100%. Mediante ubicación de explantes previamente cocultivados con la cepa LBA4404 de Agrobacterium tumefaciens que contiene el plásmido recombinante pNOV022, se verificó la utilidad del medio para procesos de transformación, obteniéndose tasas hasta del 100% de regeneración. Finalmente, con el objetivo de determinar el uso potencial de la manosa como agente selectivo en procesos de transformación, se evaluó el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de manosa sobre la viabilidad y capacidad regenerativa de explantes. Palabras clave: organogénesis indirecta, selección positiva, plantas transgénicas, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. ABSTRACT A system of indirect organogenesis for the multiple buds production from internode stem sections in Diacol Capiro variety was established. Explants on Murashige and amp; Skoog (MS) medium with zeatine riboside (ZR) 2 mg/l, naftalenacetic acid (NAA) 0.02 mg/l and giberelic acid (GA3) 0.02 mg/l, produced plants ranging between 7 to 9 weeks with 80-100% effectiveness. In the same medium, explants infected with Agrobacterium LBA4404 strain which carries recombinant plasmid pNOV022, produced regeneration rates reached 100%, thus, the medium utility for trnsformation processes was verified. Finally, to determine the potential use of the mannose as selective agent in transformation processes, the effect of different mannose concentrations on explant viability and regenerative capacity was evaluated. Key words: Indirect organogenesis, positive selection, transgenic plants, Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Clinical details of patients.

a<p>months,</p>b<p>hours:minutes,</p>c<p>parasites/l in peripheral blood,</p>d<p>pneumonia (Streptococcus),</p>e<p>malaria parasitaemic with non-malarial cause of death,</p>f<p>meningoencephalitis.</p><p>Clinical details of patients.</p

Distribution of individual <i>var</i>/PfEMP1-DBL1α types in fatal paediatric malaria hosts.

<p>100 DBL1α tags were amplified and sequenced from each tissue biopsy and different sequence variants identified. Each pie graph represents all DBL1α types from a single organ of an individual host shown in the brain (A), heart (B) and gut (C). Case numbers are shown in the upper left corner of each graph and they are arranged by diagnostic group (CM, cerebral malaria; PC, parasitaemic controls). Tags are coloured by whether they are classified as group A-like <i>var</i> types (green) or non-group A (blue).</p

Expression of <i>var</i> gene groups in the organs of paediatric hosts.

<p>Primers specific for <i>var</i> groups A, B and C were used to measure their relative expression in tissue biopsies from fatal paediatric malaria patients. Panels A–C display hosts within diagnostic groups CM2 (A), CM1 (B) and parasitaemic controls (C). Panels D–F represent <i>P. falciparum</i> populations in the brain (D), heart (E) and gut (F) of HIV-infected (HIV+) and uninfected (HIV-) hosts. Each dot point represents analysis from a single organ biopsy from one patient and the horizontal lines depict the mean level of expression for each group. In panels D–F, CM2/PC hosts are denoted by filled shapes and CM1 patients with open shapes. * p<0.05, ** p<0.005.</p

Distribution of individual <i>var</i>/PfEMP1-DBL1α types in the organs of fatal paediatric malaria hosts.

<p>Each pie graph represents all DBL1α variants from a single organ of an individual host shown in the brain (A), heart (B) and gut (C). Case numbers are shown in the upper left corner of each graph and they are arranged by diagnostic group (CM, cerebral malaria; PC, parasitaemic controls). These charts are identical to those in Fig. 2 except that sections are shaded to highlight the DBL1α types that were detected in the highest number of different hosts. Further information on these can be found in <a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004537#ppat.1004537.s004" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>. The two DBL1α types detailed in results are marked with an asterisk.</p