The problem of uniqueness in the reduced description of adsorption on the wedge-shaped substrate

In the reduced one-dimensional description of the adsorption on the wedge-shaped substrate the mid-point interface height serves as the order parameter. We point at the ambiguity which appears in the transfer-matrix approach to this problem. We also propose how to avoid this problem by introducing the appropriate order parameter.Comment: 7 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses psfrag.sty; double reference remove

Interfacial fluctuations near the critical filling transition

We propose a method to describe the short-distance behavior of an interface fluctuating in the presence of the wedge-shaped substrate near the critical filling transition. Two different length scales determined by the average height of the interface at the wedge center can be identified. On one length scale the one-dimensional approximation of Parry et al. \cite{Parry} which allows to find the interfacial critical exponents is extracted from the full description. On the other scale the short-distance fluctuations are analyzed by the mean-field theory.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

Universality for 2D Wedge Wetting

We study 2D wedge wetting using a continuum interfacial Hamiltonian model which is solved by transfer-matrix methods. For arbitrary binding potentials, we are able to exactly calculate the wedge free-energy and interface height distribution function and, thus, can completely classify all types of critical behaviour. We show that critical filling is characterized by strongly universal fluctuation dominated critical exponents, whilst complete filling is determined by the geometry rather than fluctuation effects. Related phenomena for interface depinning from defect lines in the bulk are also considered.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Critical adsorption near edges

Symmetry breaking surface fields give rise to nontrivial and long-ranged order parameter profiles for critical systems such as fluids, alloys or magnets confined to wedges. We discuss the properties of the corresponding universal scaling functions of the order parameter profile and the two-point correlation function and determine the critical exponents eta_parallel and eta_perpendicular for the so-called normal transition.Comment: 22 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in PR

Nowy typ piezoelektrycznie napędzanego systemu mikropozycjonującego - badania symulacyjne i eksperymentalne

A study of the novel type of piezoelectric actuated micropositioning system for pick-and-place type applications is reported. The objective of this work is to present mechanical design of micropositioning system, simulation test of main mechanical parts and to verify simulation test by real experiment. It also mentions the study of selected aspects of actuation system based on flexible joints and piezostack actuators, FEA simulations of flexible joints, connections and interactions between mechanical parts, and modular design of micropositioning system is also mentioned. Finally experimental results of individual mechanical modules are reported.W artykule zaprezentowano nowy typ piezoelektrycznie napędzanego urządzenia mikropozycjonującego do zastosowania w operacjach typu pobierz-odłóż (pick-and-place). Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie konstrukcji mechanicznej, przedstawienie badań symulacyjnych głównych elementów składowych, a także weryfikacja testów symulacyjnych przez eksperyment. Przedstawione zostały także wybrane aspekty układu napędowego, pracującego w oparciu o napęd piezoelektryczny i elastyczne przeguby złączowe typu flexures, a także wybrane aspekty związane z modelowaniem przy pomocy metody elementów skończonych MES, współpracy pomiędzy elementami mechanicznymi, oraz budowa modułowa urządzenia. W podsumowaniu przedstawiono wyniki testów eksperymentalnych wykonanego prototypu

Investigation of heat and kinetics of nitration of 1,2,4-triazol-5-on (TO)

W pracy dokonano pomiaru efektów cieplnych procesów nitrowania i rozpuszczania 1,2,4-triazol-5-onu (TO) w środowisku kwasowym. W badaniach wykorzystano kalorymetr reakcyjny. Kinetykę nitrowania badano techniką spektrofotometrii UV-VIS. Zaproponowano model kinetyki procesu syntezy 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-onu (NTO) i zastosowano go do symulacji zjawisk występujących w kalorymetrze i reaktorze. Porównano dane doświadczalne z wynikami modelowania i wyznaczano parametry równania Arrheniusa dla nitrowania TO w zastosowanych mieszaninach kwasów.In the paper, the effects of heat and dissolving processes of nitration of 1,2,4-triazol-5-one (TO) in an acidic environment were measured. The reaction calorimeter was used for the study. The kinetics of TO nitration in a 200-ml reactor was investigated by the use of a UV-VIS technique. Determined heat of TO nitration in the mixture of HNO₃/H₂SO₄/H₂O 60/40/40 was 1320 J/g, while in the case of nitration with 70% HNO₃, the heat was 1195 J/g. Heat of solution of TO in concentrated sulfuric acid was 576 J/g for 95% H₂SO₄ and 256 J/g for 80% H₂SO₄. The total heat of nitration in the mixture HNO₃/H₂SO₄/H₂O consists of the heat effects of TO solution and its nitration. A model of kinetics of synthesis of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) was proposed and it was used to simulate the phenomena occurring in the calorimeter and in the reactor. The experimental data were compared with modelling results and parameters of Arrhenius equation for synthesis of NTO in the used nitration mixtures were determined

The Influence of the Processing Temperature of Polylactide on Geometric Structure of the Surface Using FDM Technique

The influence of the processing temperature of polylactide (PLA) on the structure geometry changing (SGC) and its functional properties were analyzed. The PLA samples subjected to testing were manufactured using incremental fused deposition modeling technology (FDM) with processing temperatures ranging from 180°C to 230°C. The topography of the PLA surfaces formed during heat dissipation and generated by the work table was analyzed. The roughness measurements were carried out using the profile method in accordance with PN ISO 3274: 2011. Registered profiles of the surfaces were analyzed numerically in fractal terms using the method of the S(Δx) structure function. The functional properties of the PLA surface were evaluated on the basis of Abbott-Firestone curves, according to PN EN ISO 13565–2: 1999

Biomass as a Renewable Source of Energy

In this paper state of art on known and potential biomass sources is reviewed. The review will consider energy dedicated crops and waste types that are already applied for clean energy purposes as well as potential ones. The resources can be applied for biofuels, bioethanol, methane, hydrogen production by means of various processes (methane fermentation, pyrolysys etc). The environmental and economical benefits of biomass application as a renewable energy source are also described