532 research outputs found
Flight data analysis of power subsystem degradation at near synchronous altitude Quarterly report
Flight data analysis of spacecraft power subsystem degradation at near synchronous altitud
Flight data analysis of power subsystem degradation at near synchronous altitude Final report
Comparison and analysis of radiation damage to power supplies of satellites at near-synchronous altitude
Public Collaboration in Maine: When and Why It Works
Government by itself cannot address all complex public policy issues. The authors write that āpublic collaboĀrationā can alter the discourse on divisive local, regional, and state issues. Public collaboration is a process in which people from multiple sectors (government, business, nonprofit, civic, and tribal) work together to find solutions to problems that no single sector is able to resolve on its own. The authors describe the common features of effective public collaboration and provide detailed case studies and analysis of five recent examples of public collaboration in Maine
A personalized Uncertainty Quantification framework for patient survival models: estimating individual uncertainty of patients with metastatic brain tumors in the absence of ground truth
TodevelopanovelUncertaintyQuantification (UQ) framework to estimate the
uncertainty of patient survival models in the absence of ground truth, we
developed and evaluated our approach based on a dataset of 1383 patients
treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases between
January 2015 and December 2020. Our motivating hypothesis is that a
time-to-event prediction of a test patient on inference is more certain given a
higher feature-space-similarity to patients in the training set. Therefore, the
uncertainty for a particular patient-of-interest is represented by the
concordance index between a patient similarity rank and a prediction similarity
rank. Model uncertainty was defined as the increased percentage of the max
uncertainty-constrained-AUC compared to the model AUC. We evaluated our method
on multiple clinically-relevant endpoints, including time to intracranial
progression (ICP), progression-free survival (PFS) after SRS, overall survival
(OS), and time to ICP and/or death (ICPD), on a variety of both statistical and
non-statistical models, including CoxPH, conditional survival forest (CSF), and
neural multi-task linear regression (NMTLR). Our results show that all models
had the lowest uncertainty on ICP (2.21%) and the highest uncertainty (17.28%)
on ICPD. OS models demonstrated high variation in uncertainty performance,
where NMTLR had the lowest uncertainty(1.96%)and CSF had the highest
uncertainty (14.29%). In conclusion, our method can estimate the uncertainty of
individual patient survival modeling results. As expected, our data empirically
demonstrate that as model uncertainty measured via our technique increases, the
similarity between a feature-space and its predicted outcome decreases
Psychotherapy in historical perspective
This article will briefly explore some of the ways in which the past has been used as a means to talk about psychotherapy as a practice and as a profession, its impact on individuals and society, and the ethical debates at stake. It will show how, despite the multiple and competing claims about psychotherapyās history and its meanings, historians themselves have, to a large degree, not attended to the intellectual and cultural development of many therapeutic approaches. This absence has the potential consequence of implying that therapies have emerged as value-free techniques, outside of a social, economic and political context. The relative neglect of psychotherapy, by contrast with the attention historians have paid to other professions, particularly psychiatry, has also underplayed its societal impact. This article will foreground some of the instances where psychotherapy has become an object of emerging historical interest, including the new research that forms the substance of this special issue of History of the Human Sciences
Neurology
Contains reports on eight research projects.U.S. Navy (Office of Naval Research (Nonr-1841(70))U. S. Public Health Service (MH-06175-02)U. S. Air Force (AF49(638)-1313)U. S. Public Health Service (B-3055-4)U. S. Public Health Service (B-3090-4
GenetiÄki polimorfizmi u dijabetesu: Utjecaj na terapiju oralnim antidijabeticima
Due to new genetic insights, etiologic classification of diabetes is under constant scrutiny. Hundreds, or even thousands, of genes are linked with type 2 diabetes. Three common variants (Lys23 of KCNJ11, Pro12 of PPARG, and the T allele at rs7903146 of TCF7L2) have been shown to be predisposed to type 2 diabetes mellitus across many large studies. Individually, each of these polymorphisms is only moderately predisposed to type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, monogenic forms of diabetes such as MODY and neonatal diabetes are characterized by unique clinical features and the possibility of applying a tailored treatment.
Genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors, and other drug targets have been linked to interindividual differences in the efficacy and toxicity of a number of medications. Mutations in genes important in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) play a critical role in pharmacogenetics of diabetes.
There are currently five major classes of oral pharmacological agents available to treat type 2 diabetes: sulfonylureas, meglitinides, metformin (a biguanide), thiazolidinediones, and Ī±-glucosidase inhibitors. Other classes are also mentioned in literature.
In this work, different types of genetic mutations (mutations of the gene for glucokinase, HNF 1, HNF1Ć and Kir6.2 and SUR1 subunit of KATP channel, PPAR-Ī³, OCT1 and OCT2, cytochromes, direct drug-receptor (KCNJ11), as well as the factors that influence the development of the disease (TCF7L2) and variants of genes that lead to hepatosteatosis caused by thiazolidinediones) and their influence on the response to therapy with oral antidiabetics will be reviewed.Dijabetes tipa 2 dosegao je proporcije epidemije u SAD (> 18 milijuna) i cijelom svijetu (170 milijuna oboljelih osoba) te ima tendenciju daljnjeg dramatiÄnog rasta. Stoga se u posljednje vrijeme ulažu napori da se otkriju i razviju novi farmakoloÅ”ki agensi za lijeÄenje ove bolesti. Klasifikacija Å”eÄerne bolesti proÅ”irena je uspjesima istraživaÄa na podruÄju genetike. Da bismo razumjeli farmakogenetiku antidijabetika neophodno je razumjeti genetiku samog dijabetesa. Kao Å”to Äe biti prikazano u ovom radu veliki broj gena koji su povezani s razvojem dijabetesa takoÄe utjeÄu i na odgovor na terapiju antidijabeticima. S druge strane, mutacije gena koji utjeÄu na ADME (apsorpcija, distribucija, metabolizam i ekskrecija) lijeka imaju znaÄajan utjecaj na farmakogenetiku oralnih antidijabetika.
UtvrÄeno je da je dijabetes genetiÄki heterogena bolest. UobiÄajeni oblici dijabetesa su gotovo uvijek poligenski i za razvoj same bolesti vrlo su znaÄajne snažne interakcije meÄu razliÄitim genima kao i izmeÄu gena i okoliÅ”a. Zbog toga mutacije ili polimorfizmi koji u manjoj mjeri utjeÄu na funkciju gena mogu postati kliniÄki znaÄajni samo u sluÄaju kada se kombiniraju s drugim faktorima odnosno genima. Smatra se da u razvoju dijabetesa mogu sudjelovati stotine pa Äak i tisuÄe gena. Do 2006. identificirano je nekoliko uobiÄajenih alela koji poveÄavaju rizik za razvoj dijabetesa, od kojih su najznaÄajniji PPARG (Pro12), KCNJ11 (Lys23) i TCF7L2 (T na rs7903146). Do danas je najveÄi uspjeh postignut u identifikaciji gena odgovornih za razmjerno rijetke oblike ove bolesti poput āMaturity-onset diabetes of the youngā (MODY) i neonatalnog dijabetesa. Monogenske oblike dijabetesa odlikuju jedinstvene kliniÄke karakteristike i moguÄnost primjene individualnog tretmana. GenetiÄki polimorfizmi enzima koji utjeÄu na metabolizam lijekova, transportera, receptora i drugih ciljeva djelovanja lijekova povezani su s interindividualnim razlikama u efikasnosti i toksiÄnosti mnogih lijekova. Vrlo je važno da se na temelju farmakogenetiÄkih istraživanja mogu predvidjeti neki neželjeni efekti lijekova.
TrenutaÄno postoji pet glavnih klasa oralnih antidijabetika: sulfoniluree, meglitinidi, metformin (bigvanid), tiazolidindioni i inhibitori Ī±-glukozidaze. U literaturi se takoÄer spominju inhibitori dipeptidil peptidaze IV (DPP-IV), selektivni antagonisti kanabinoidnog receptora 1 (CB-1), glukagonu sliÄni peptid 1 mimetici i amilin mimetici.
Razumijevanje mehanizama koji rezultiraju disfunkcijom Ī² stanica na fizioloÅ”kom i molekularnom nivou neophodno je za napredak u razumijevanju tretmana dijabetesa. U ovom radu dat je pregled razliÄitih genetiÄkih mutacija (mutacije gena za glukokinazu, HNF 1, HNF1Ć, Kir6.2 i SUR 1 podjedinicu KATP kanala Ć stanica, PPAR-Ī³, OCT1 i OCT2, citohrome, KCNJ11, faktore koji utjeÄu na razvoj bolesti (TCF7L2) i varijante gena koji dovode do hepatosteatoze uzrokovane tiazolidindionima) te njihov utjecaj na odgovor na terapiju oralnim antidijabeticima
Plasma Dynamics
Contains research objectives and summary of research on twenty-one projects split into three sections, with four sub-sections in the second section and reports on twelve research projects.National Science Foundation (Grant ENG75-06242)U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (Contract E(11-1)-2766)U.S. Energy Research and Development Agency (Contract E(11-1)-3070)U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (Contract E(11-1)-3070)Research Laboratory of Electronics, M.I.T. Industrial Fellowshi
Explorations using computer simulation to comprehend thematic apperceptive measurement of motivation
The new theory of motivation by Atkinson and Birch (1970), based on conceptual analysis of a change in activity, has been programmed to allow computer simulation of effects of differences in motivation on the stream of operant behavior. Simulation of conditions that exist when people who differ in strength of achievement motive write imaginative stories in response to a sequence of pictures shows that construct validity does not require internal consistency as traditionally supposed. The theoretically deduced differences in total time spent imagining achieving (instead of something else) can postdict input differences in motive strength (i.e., construct validity) even when there is little or no internal consistency reliability as indicated by Cronbach's (1951) alpha computed from theoretically deduced time spent imagining achievement in response to particular pictures. This general point has already been amply documented in 25 years of productive empirical research using TAT n Achievement. Now a definitive theoretical refutation of the repeated psychometric criticism of the method is provided. Those who have been moved āto dispel fantasies about fantasy-based measures of achievement motivationā (Entwistle, 1972) are invited, instead, to examine the shallow theoretical foudation of our traditional myths of measurement.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45359/1/11031_2005_Article_BF00997578.pd
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