Microbial Arsenic Transformation in Near Subsurface Environments

In the first part of this study, environmental bacterial arsenic transformation was investigated in anthropogenically arsenic contaminated subsurface sediments from the former Vineland Chemical Company in Vineland, NJ. Subsurface sediments from the vadose (371 mg/kg arsenic) and aquifer (81 mg/kg arsenic) zones and an off-site surface sediment (0.7 mg/kg arsenic; control) were used as inocula for enrichment cultures with selective media to assess for microbial arsenic metabolic activity. Arsenite (As(III)), monomethyl arsenic acid (MMA) and dimethyl arsenic acid (DMA) were provided as electron donors, while arsenate (As(V)) was provided as an electron acceptor. An anion exchange chromatography method with conductivity and UV/Vis detection was developed and utilized to investigate arsenic transformations under each selective condition. While demethylation and arsenite oxidation were not observed, there was strong As(V) reduction to As(III) activity in the enrichments amended with lactate and As(V). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify arrA and arsC genes, followed by cloning and sequencing. Both vadose and aquifer enrichments gave positive results for arrA (respiratory arsenate reductase) and arsC (arsenic resistance), while only arsC amplified from the off-site. Both 16S rRNA genes and the ribosomal intergenic spacer (RIS) genes were used to assess community diversity. The results indicate a diverse community with As(V) respiring bacteria. In the second part of this study, the utility of ion chromatography (IC) in speciating inorganic (As(V), As(III)) and organic (MMA, DMA) was assessed. The As(V) and roxarsone respiring Alkaliphilus oremlandii OhILAs was cultured and the spent medium analyzed. Under the conditions used, OhILAs failed to produce any As(III) and As(V) when grown on roxarsone and lactate; however, As(V) to As(III) reduction was observed when grown in the presence of lactate and As(V). In the third part of this study, microcosms were used to assess bacterial arsenic transformation in cores from a coal ash impoundment. A medium was formulated based on the water chemistry of the system. As(V) respiration was detected at all four depths tested (0-2m; 2-4m, 4-6m, and 8-10m), with the surface sediments showing the greatest rates

Re: Draft EIR for the Santa Ana River Water Right Applications for Supplemental Water Supply Dear Mr. Reiter:

protecting and restoring natural ecosystems and imperiled species throug

Smart Heat Supply in Austria within the PITAGORAS Project

AbstractThe European funded cooperative research and demonstration project PITAGORAS is focused on efficient integration of city districts with industrial parks through smart thermal grids. The overall objective of the project is to demonstrate a highly replicable, cost-effective and greatly energy efficient large-scale energy generation system for sustainable urban planning of low energy city districts. As part of the project two demonstration plants namely in Brescia, Italy and Kremsmünster, Austria are being designed and will be built and tested during the project. The demonstration plant in Austria focuses on installing a large-scale solar thermal system of 10,000 m2; including seasonal storages with a total capacity of 60,000 m3 in order to supply the local district with heat and to reduce the gas consumption of a large combined heat and power (CHP) plant nearby. Additionally, to the demonstration plant in Austria the collector efficiency of several different collector types of different collector manufacturers is being tested under real outside conditions, which may give valuable insights on these collectors in order to choose the most efficient collector for the demonstration plant and ultimately on the future development of solar collectors

Solid State NMR Characterization of Complex Metal Hydrides systems for Hydrogen Storage Applications

Solid state NMR is widely applied in studies of solid state chemistries for hydrogen storage reactions. Use of ^(11)B MAS NMR in studies of metal borohydrides (BH_4) is mainly focused, revisiting the issue of dodecaborane formation and observation of ^(11)B{^1H} Nuclear Overhauser Effect

On the nature of clear-air turbulence (CAT)

CER62ERR11.February 1962.Includes bibliographical references.Scientific interim report.Prepared for Navy Weather Research Facility N189(188)538-28A

Analysis and numerical approximation of energy-variational solutions to the Ericksen--Leslie equations

We define the concept of energy-variational solutions for the Ericksen--Leslie equations in three spatial dimensions. This solution concept is finer than dissipative solutions and satisfies the weak-strong uniqueness property. For a certain choice of the regularity weight, the existence of energy-variational solutions implies the existence of measure-valued solutions and for a different choice, we construct an energy-variational solution with the help of an implementable, structure-inheriting space-time discretization. Computational studies are performed in order to provide some evidence of the applicability of the proposed algorithm

Comparison of the structure and flow characteristics of the upper troposphere and stratosphere of the northern and southern hemispheres, A

April 1974.Includes bibliographical references (pages 137-142).Sponsored by the Atomic Energy Commission AT (11-1)-1340.Sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration NGR 06-002-098

MR Spectroscopic Imaging of Peripheral Zone in Prostate Cancer Using a 3T MRI Scanner: Endorectal versus External Phased Array Coils.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) detects alterations in major prostate metabolites, such as citrate (Cit), creatine (Cr), and choline (Ch). We evaluated the sensitivity and accuracy of three-dimensional MRSI of prostate using an endorectal compared to an external phased array "receive" coil on a 3T MRI scanner. Eighteen patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent endorectal MR imaging and proton (1H) MRSI were included in this study. Immediately after the endorectal MRSI scan, the PCa patients were scanned with the external phased array coil. The endorectal coil-detected metabolite ratio [(Ch+Cr)/Cit] was significantly higher in cancer locations (1.667 ± 0.663) compared to non-cancer locations (0.978 ± 0.420) (P < 0.001). Similarly, for the external phased array, the ratio was significantly higher in cancer locations (1.070 ± 0.525) compared to non-cancer locations (0.521 ± 0.310) (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and accuracy of cancer detection were 81% and 78% using the endorectal 'receive' coil, and 69% and 75%, respectively using the external phased array 'receive' coil