Dissipative self-interference and robustness of continuous error-correction to miscalibration

We derive an effective equation of motion within the steady-state subspace of a large family of Markovian open systems (i.e., Lindbladians) due to perturbations of their Hamiltonians and system-bath couplings. Under mild and realistic conditions, competing dissipative processes destructively interfere without the need for fine-tuning and produce no dissipation within the steady-state subspace. In quantum error-correction, these effects imply that continuously error-correcting Lindbladians are robust to calibration errors, including miscalibrations consisting of operators undetectable by the code. A similar interference is present in more general systems if one implements a particular Hamiltonian drive, resulting in a coherent cancellation of dissipation. On the opposite extreme, we provide a simple implementation of universal Lindbladian simulation

MR Spectroscopic Imaging of Peripheral Zone in Prostate Cancer Using a 3T MRI Scanner: Endorectal versus External Phased Array Coils.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) detects alterations in major prostate metabolites, such as citrate (Cit), creatine (Cr), and choline (Ch). We evaluated the sensitivity and accuracy of three-dimensional MRSI of prostate using an endorectal compared to an external phased array "receive" coil on a 3T MRI scanner. Eighteen patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent endorectal MR imaging and proton (1H) MRSI were included in this study. Immediately after the endorectal MRSI scan, the PCa patients were scanned with the external phased array coil. The endorectal coil-detected metabolite ratio [(Ch+Cr)/Cit] was significantly higher in cancer locations (1.667 ± 0.663) compared to non-cancer locations (0.978 ± 0.420) (P < 0.001). Similarly, for the external phased array, the ratio was significantly higher in cancer locations (1.070 ± 0.525) compared to non-cancer locations (0.521 ± 0.310) (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and accuracy of cancer detection were 81% and 78% using the endorectal 'receive' coil, and 69% and 75%, respectively using the external phased array 'receive' coil

SimpleNLG : a realisation engine for practical applications

This paper describes SimpleNLG, a realisation engine for English which aims to provide simple and robust interfaces to generate syntactic structures and linearise them. The library is also flexible in allowing the use of mixed (canned and noncanned) representations.peer-reviewe

The Importance of Narrative and Other Lessons from an Evaluation of an NLG System that Summarises Clinical Data

This research was funded by the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, under grant EP/D049520/1.Publisher PD

Fuzzy-Based Language Grounding of Geographical References : From Writers to Readers

Jose M. Alonso is Ramon y Cajal Researcher (RYC-2016-19802). This research was also funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (grants RTI2018-099646-BI00, TIN2017-84796-C2-1-R and TIN2017-90773-REDT) and the Galician Ministry of Education, University and Professional Training (grants ED431F2018/02, ED431C 2018/29 and “accreditation 2016-2019, ED431G/08”). All grants were co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF/FEDER program).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

BT-Nurse : computer generation of natural language shift summaries from complex heterogeneous medical data

Objective: To determine if a computer system can automatically generate a useful natural language nursing shift summary solely from an electronic patient record system, in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Design: A system was built which automatically generates NICU shift summaries, using datato- text technology. The system was tested for two months in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh NICU. Measurements: Nurses were asked to rate the understandability, accuracy, and helpfulness of the computer-generated summaries; they were also asked for free-text comments about the summaries. Results: The nurses found the majority of the summaries to be understandable, accurate, and helpful (p < .001 for all measures). However, nurses also pointed out many deficiencies, especially with regard to extra content they wanted to see in the computer-generated summaries. Conclusions: Natural language NICU shift summaries can be automatically generated from an electronic patient record. However our proof-of-concept software needs considerable additional development work.peer-reviewe

Meteorologists and Students : A resource for language grounding of geographical descriptors

Publisher PD

Correlation of Gleason Scores with Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Findings of Prostate Cancer

The purpose of our study was to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) derived from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of prostate cancer (PCa) patients with three classes of pathological Gleason scores (GS). Patients whose GS met these criteria (GS 3 + 3, GS 3 + 4, and GS 4 + 3) were included in this study. The DWI was performed using b values of 0, 50, and 400 s/mm2 in 44 patients using an endorectal coil on a 1.5T MRI scanner. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were calculated from the DWI data of patients with three different Gleason scores. In patients with a high-grade Gleason score (4 + 3), the ADC values were lower in the peripheral gland tissue, pathologically determined as tumor compared to low grade (3 + 3 and 3 + 4). The mean and standard deviation of the ADC values for patients with GS 3 + 3, GS 3 + 4, and GS 4 + 3 were 1.135 ± 0.119, 0.976 ± 0.103 and 0.831 ± 0.087 mm2/sec. The ADC values were statistically significant (P < 0.05) between the three different scores with a trend of decreasing ADC values with increasing Gleason scores by one-way ANOVA method. This study shows that the DWI-derived ADC values may help differentiate aggressive from low-grade PCa

Dissipative self-interference and robustness of continuous error-correction to miscalibration

We derive an effective equation of motion within the steady-state subspace of a large family of Markovian open systems (i.e., Lindbladians) due to perturbations of their Hamiltonians and system-bath couplings. Under mild and realistic conditions, competing dissipative processes destructively interfere without the need for fine-tuning and produce no dissipation within the steady-state subspace. In quantum error-correction, these effects imply that continuously error-correcting Lindbladians are robust to calibration errors, including miscalibrations consisting of operators undetectable by the code. A similar interference is present in more general systems if one implements a particular Hamiltonian drive, resulting in a coherent cancellation of dissipation. On the opposite extreme, we provide a simple implementation of universal Lindbladian simulation

The importance of narrative and other lessons from an evaluation of an NLG system that summarises clinical data

The BABYTALK BT-45 system generates textual summaries of clinical data about babies in a neonatal intensive care unit. A recent task-based evaluation of the system suggested that these summaries are useful, but not as effective as they could be. In this paper we present a qualitative analysis of problems that the evaluation highlighted in BT-45 texts. Many of these problems are due to the fact that BT-45 does not generate good narrative texts; this is a topic which has not previously received much attention from the NLG research community, but seems to be quite important for creating good data-to-text systems.peer-reviewe