Stomatal abundance and distribution in Prosopis strombulifera plants growing under different Iso-Osmotic salt

Changes in several environmental parameters are thought to affect stomatal development. Under salt stress, plants can regulate their transpiration flux through a better control of the stomatal opening (as a short-term response) and through modifications of leaf anatomy (as a long-term response). We investigate how leaf micromorphology (stomatal abundance and distribution) of the halophyte Prosopis strombulifera (a spiny shrub particularly abundant in high-salinity areas of central Argentina) responds to different water status when plants are subjected to different salt treatments (NaCl, Na2SO4 and their iso-osmotic mixture). Different salt treatments on P. strombulifera plants influenced leaf micromorphological traits differently. In this study, Na2SO4-treated plants showed an increase in stomatal density (SD) and epidermal cell density (ECD) (with smaller stomata) at moderate and high salinity (−1.9 and −2.6 MPa), whereas in NaCl and NaCl + Na2SO4 treated plants, a decrease in these variables was observed. In Na2SO4-treated plants, transpiration was the highest at moderate and high salinity, with the highest content of ABA registered. A possible explanation is that, despite of these high ABA levels, there is no inhibition in stomatal opening, resulting in increased water loss, growth inhibition, and acceleration of senescence processes. We demonstrate that P. strombulifera responds to progressive salt stress by different salts changing the leaf development, particularly in Na2SO4-treated plants, leading to structural modifications in leaf size and micro-morphology of leaf cells.Fil: Reginato, Mariana Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Reinoso, Herminda Elmira. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Llanes, Analia Susana. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Luna, Maria Virginia. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Biología Molecular. Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

ABA increased soybean yield by enhancing production of carbohydrates and their allocation in seed

Soybean is the most expanding crop worldwide, and in the last 30 years it has doubled the cultivated area (FAO, 2002). Argentina is one of the main producers, where soybean production increased from 11 millions of tons in the campaign 1990-1991 to 55 millions of tons in the campaign 2009- 2010, with a planted area that reached 18.7 million hectares (GEA, 2010). Soybean expansion in Argentina has been so significant that the crop is now located in areas that were previously considered “marginal” or “not suitable for the crop” due to environmental conditions (Qaim & Traxler, 2005; Monti, 2008; Zak et al., 2008). In the last five years, this crop has moved approximately 4.6 millions of hectares of other crops and pasture lands (Pengue, 2009). The same as in other countries in Latin America such as Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay, soybean culture has been the main cause of deforestation during the last years (Kaimowitz & Smith 2001; Steininger et al., 2001; Pengue, 2009). Several technological advances have allowed the development of a new agricultural model that having less input is able to increase yields therefore generating an intensive system that in turn increases the financial profit (Monti, 2008). The use of practices such as direct sowing, fertilization, and genetically modified materials resistant to glyphosate that allow easy weed control and with high yield potential, have permitted yield increases and consolidated the new agricultural model. This agricultural model, based in monoculture, has made soybean production very economic to crop growers allowing an interesting income in a short period with low investment of resources. Argentina’s economy is greatly dependent on the currency generated by exportation of primary products and it is one of the top three producers and exporters of vegetable oils, and the biggest worldwide exporter of soybean oil (FAO, 2008). Due to the country’s size and geographical diversity, soybean has a high potential to satisfy the increasing international demand of bio-fuels (Tomei & Upham, 2009). Therefore it is possible to think in a future of increasing soybean production.Fil: Reinoso, Herminda Elmira. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Travaglia, Claudia Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Bottini, Ambrosio Rubén. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentin

Mapping risk: Priorities to prevent the establishment of invasive Salt Cedar (Tamarix spp.)

Early detection and rapid intervention are among the preferred actions to achieve successful results in the management plans for invasive alien species. The identification of areas where probabilities of establishment and invasion by an alien species are high can reduce logistic and economic costs. Risk assessment based on information about the alien species and the invaded environment has become a widely-accepted tool to estimate the likelihood and magnitude of the threat. The objective of this work was to develop an invasion risk index that can be modeled within a geographic information system (GIS) environment, combining information on the current and potential distribution of the alien species, the analysis of dispersion routes and the potential impact on environmental and socioeconomic values. The genus Tamarix was used as a case study. This genus is widely distributed in Argentina, from northern Patagonia to the northwest of the country. A risk index was obtained, with potential to be expressed cartographically in a GIS. The relevance of the developed index is that it might be extended and applied to different invasive species, regions and working scales.Fil: Natale, Evangelina Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente.; ArgentinaFil: Reinoso, Herminda Elmira. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Zalba, Sergio Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; Argentin

Assessing invasion process through pathway and vector analysis: case of Saltcedar (Tamarix spp.)

Biological invasions are one of the most pervasive environmental threats to native ecosystems worldwide. The spontaneous spread of saltcedar is a particular threat to biodiversity conservation in arid and semiarid environments. In Argentina, three species belonging to this genus have been recognized as invaders. The aim of the present study was to identify main dispersal vectors and pathways to refine risk analysis and increase our ability to predict new areas at risk of Tamarix establishment. We surveyed and categorized 223 populations, 39% as invasive, 26% as established, 21% as contained and 14% as detected in nature. Dispersion of saltcedar was found to be associated with watercourses and human-driven disturbances; in addition roads were found to be relevant for the introduction of propagules in new environments. Considering the potential impact of saltcedar invasion and that it is an easily wind-dispersed invasive, it is necessary to implement strategies to monitor dispersal pathways and take actions to eliminate invasion foci, particularly in vulnerable and high- conservation value areas.Fil: Natale, Evangelina Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Cs.exactas Fisicoquimicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Cordoba. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente.; ArgentinaFil: Zalba, Sergio Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Reinoso, Herminda Elmira. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Damilano, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; Argentin

ABA action on the production and redistribution of field-grown maize carbohydrates in semiarid regions

The aim of this study is to analyze the response of exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) application in plants grown under field conditions in semiarid zones in order to increase maize production. For this, it is necessary to understand the factors, such as the size and capacity of transport system involved in the mobilization and distribution of assimilates. The vascular transport capacity of ABA-treated and control plants was compared in terms of number of vascular bundles, phloem area per bundle, and the proportion of phloem in the ear peduncle of female inflorescences. This study showed that the application of exogenous ABA in field-grown maize under moderate drought allows a greater amount of maize production, an increase in the level of photosynthetic pigments, the carbohydrates remobilization to grain, and the capacity of this transport by an increase in the number of vascular bundles and the phloem area in peduncle. Evidence obtained in this study suggests that ABA could help improve agricultural production in rain-fed crops in which irrigation is not possible. This will allow us to follow a new technological strategy to increase the effective filling of organs during crops in unfavorable water conditions.Fil: Travaglia, Claudia Noemi. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Área Morfología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Balboa, Guillermo Raul. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Espósito, Gabriel Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Reinoso, Herminda Elmira. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Área Morfología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentin

The need for herbicide use in direct seeding, promotes more sustainable and implementation of integrated systems.

Technological advances the Argentine has been in recent years such that now stands at the forefront worldwide. The explosion of agriculture, tillage, GM crops and the widespread use of glyphosate have raised controversy, especially regarding the toxicity of the latter. Before weeds are controlled with tillage and these involve serious problems of erosion and soil degradation. Tillage and herbicides have changed the situation and consequently the sustainability of production systems. Glyphosate plays an important role in this transformation, but were allowed to use, would be replaced by more expensive and dangerous herbicides. Under that is essential to achieve these objectives through high yields very tech practice, it is necessary to introduce new technologies to assist the sector mitigation tools and can coexist using those chemicals that may mitigate high exposure to them through technology capabilities to detoxify crops. This tech package is just something known by the scientific-technical and production industry, but that has innovation in its application. The use of PGPR as biofertilizers is a widespread technique that has been installed as a enhancer of crops and environmentally friendly. Our study is based on countering the abuseof chemicals through a complementary technology to mitigate residual glyphosate in crops.Fil: Luna, Virginia. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Masciarelli, Oscar Alberto. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Travaglia, Claudia Noemi. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Área Morfología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marchetti, Gisella. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, Martín. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Reinoso, Herminda Elmira. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales. Área Morfología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Mapping risk: Priorities to prevent the establishment of invasive tamariscs

La detección precoz y la intervención rápida se encuentran entre las acciones más apropiadas para lograr resultados exitosos en los planes de manejo de especies exóticas invasoras. En este marco, la identificación de áreas donde las probabilidades de establecimiento e invasión de una especie sean altas puede disminuir los costos y los esfuerzos logísticos y económicos del manejo. La evaluación de riesgo ha adquirido gran aceptación como metodología basada sobre información de la especie exótica invasora y del ambiente receptor para estimar la probabilidad y la magnitud de la amenaza. El objetivo de este trabajo fue desarrollar un índice de riesgo de invasión capaz de modelar, en un entorno de sistema de información geográfica (SIG) y combinando información de la distribución actual y potencial de una especie, el análisis de rutas de dispersión y el impacto potencial sobre valores ambientales y socioeconómicos. Se utilizó como estudio de caso el proceso de invasión por el género Tamarix, cuyas especies se distribuyen desde el norte de la Patagonia argentina hasta el noroeste del país. Como resultado se obtuvo un índice de riesgo con potencial para ser expresado cartográficamente en un SIG y apropiado para aplicarse a distintas especies invasoras, regiones y escalas.Early detection and rapid intervention are among the preferred actions to achieve successful results in the management plans for invasive alien species. The identification of areas where probabilities of establishment and invasion by an alien species are high can reduce logistic and economic costs. Risk assessment based on information about the alien species and the invaded environment has become a widely-accepted tool to estimate the likelihood and magnitude of the threat. The objective of this work was to develop an invasion risk index that can be modeled within a geographic information system (GIS) environment, combining information on the current and potential distribution of the alien species, the analysis of dispersion routes and the potential impact on environmental and socioeconomic values. The genus Tamarix was used as a case study. This genus is widely distributed in Argentina, from northern Patagonia to the northwest of the country. A risk index was obtained, with potential to be expressed cartographically in a GIS. The relevance of the developed index is that it might be extended and applied to different invasive species, regions and working scales.Fil: Natale, Evangelina Sandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Reinoso, Herminda Elmira. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Andreo, Verónica Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. University of Twente. Faculty of Geo Information Science and Earth Observation. Department of Earth Observation Science; Países BajosFil: Zalba, Sergio Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Grupo de Estudios en Conservación y Manejo; Argentin

Exogenous ABA increases yield in field-grown wheat with moderate water restriction

Water stress is one of the most important environmental factors that regulate a plant's growth and development. In agronomic practice the effects of water stress are translated into low yield and/or reduced quality. Abscisic acid (ABA) sprays (1 mM) were applied to wheat plants at different phenological stages and the effects on several physiological variables and on yield were evaluated under field conditions at different water regimes. Studies were conducted in the field across three consecutive winter-spring seasons. ABA treatments were applied at the beginning of shoot enlargement and repeated at anthesis. Exogenous ABA increased shoot dry weight and maintained a high concentration of photosynthetic pigments for a longer period of time during grain growth and maturation. Although ABA applications increased stomatal closure immediately after its application, the longer-term effect was to allow for a greater ostiolar opening of the stomatal pore which resulted in increased conductance of gases and water vapor. ABA also improved the transport of photoassimilates from the leaves and stem to the developing grains, that is, it effectively increased the sink strength of the grains. This correlated with a yield increase without significantly changing the protein quality in the grains. Thus, elevated ABA levels from exogenous application or genetic selection could help improve agricultural production of grains in arid areas where irrigation is not possible.Fil: Travaglia, Claudia Noemi. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Reinoso, Herminda Elmira. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Cohen, Ana Carmen. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; ArgentinaFil: Luna, Celina Mercedes. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tommasino, Exequiel Arturo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Fitopatología y Fisiología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto; ArgentinaFil: Bottini, Ambrosio Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Biología Agrícola de Mendoza; Argentin

Physiological and anatomical behaviour of two contrasting maize hybrids grown at high density sowing

This study evaluated the physiological and anatomical traits of two contrasting maize hybrids subjected to high density sowing inorder to explain yield stability through yield component analysis and the relation between the grain yield capacities per plantaccording to individual growth. Experiment factors were two commercially important maize hybrids: DK190MGRR2 andDK670MG, which behave differently under stress, and two levels of plant density: 7 and 11 plant/m2high and recommended densityto favour the conditions of water stress respectively. The experiment was carried out in the west of Argentina under rainfedconditions and five replications. Physiological parameters (pigments and endogenous content of phytohormones, injury of cellmembranes, yield components) and anatomical parameters (stomatal bevhaviour, foliar and peduncles anatomy, xylem and phloemarea in vascular bundles) were analyzed. In this study, both maize hybrids showed a differential response to both sowing densities.The DK670 showed an increased yield (24 and 10 % at 7 and 11 plant/m2, respectively) due to enhanced individual yieldcomponents. This hybrid was differentiated by a higher stomatal density (7±1 in the abaxial side) and pigment amount (20%, mainlychl a) which led to a better photosynthetic ability. In addition, this hybrid showed the capacity to compensate damages derived fromstress, mesophyll leaf thickness and closer bundles associated with tolerance to drought, and abundance in endogenousphytohormones to cope with stress. The description of these characteristics in response to different plant densities is novel results,especially those related to anatomical analysis under the different treatments. This research shows that the ability of hybrids to takeadvantage of abundance of resources at lower populations is an imperative need for over-seasonal potential yield accomplishment.This could help select more appropriate management practices and contribute to production areas.Fil: Travaglia, Claudia Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Espósito, Gabriel Pablo. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Balboa, Guillermo Raul. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Masciarelli, Oscar Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Fortuna, Julieta Belén. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Cardozo, Paula Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Reinoso, Herminda Elmira. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales; Argentin

Characterization and conservation status of the riparian vegetation of the middle basin of the río Cuarto (Córdoba, Argentina)

Introducción y objetivos: Los procesos de cambio de uso de la tierra han tenido un impacto muy profundo en los patrones y procesos ecológicos de los paisajes en los últimos tiempos, por lo que éste trabajo tiene por objetivos caracterizar los parches de vegetación asociados a la cuenca media del río Cuarto y determinar su estado de caracterización, con el fin de delinear estrategias de manejo que permitan a los planificadores optar por la mejor alternativa para el desarrollo urbano.M&M: Se realizaron censos de vegetación en los diferentes ambientes y sedigitalizaron las unidades ambientales; luego se les calculó el Índice Integral de Evaluación Ambiental, incluido en una plataforma de Sistema de InformaciónGeográfica, para definir el valor de conservación.Resultados: Se definieron siete unidades de vegetación pertenecientes al distrito biogeográfico Espinal y se digitalizaron 340 parches. El índice integral de evaluación ambiental arrojó que más del 50% de las Unidades Ambientales se encontraron en mal estado de conservación, donde los parches regulares y buenos presentaron un alto valor de funcionalidad ecológica dentro de la cuenca. Por otro lado, menos del 1% de la unidades ambientales entraron en la categoría de muy buen estado de conservación.Conclusiones: Estos resultados permitieron generar una serie de recomendacionesde manejo tendientes a su preservación y mejoramiento de su salud ambiental quepueden ser incluidas en el ordenamiento territorial de las ciudades asociadas a la cuenca en estudioBackground and aims: The processes of change of land use have had a very profound impact on the ecological patterns and processes of landscapes in recent times, owing to that, this study aims to characterize the vegetation patches associated with the middle basin of the río Cuarto and to determine its conservation status in order to delineate management strategies that allow planners to choose the best alternative for urban development. M&M: Vegetation censuses were carried out in the different environments. The environmental units were digitized and an Integral Environmental Evaluation Index included in a Geographic Information System platform was applied to the define the conservation value. Results: Seven vegetation units belonging to the biogeographic district of Espinal were delimited and 340 remnants of natural vegetation were digitized. According to the Integral Environmental Evaluation Index, more than 50% of the UA are in bad status of conservation, where the patches with regular and good status presented a high value of ecological functionality within the basin. By other hand, less than 1% of the environmental units are in very good status of conservation. Conclusions: These results allowed us to generate management recommendations in order to promote its preservation and improvement of its environmental health. These recommendations could be included in the territorial planning of the cities associated to the studied basin.Fil: Natale, Evangelina Sandra. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra, Biodiversidad y Ambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Fundación Conservación y Desarrollo; ArgentinaFil: Arana, Marcelo Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, Gabriela Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Reinoso, Herminda Elmira. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: de la Reta, Marina Julieta. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Fundación Conservación y Desarrollo; ArgentinaFil: Oggero, Antonia Josefina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales; Argentin