Distance constraints between microRNA target sites dictate efficacy and cooperativity

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have the potential to regulate the expression of thousands of genes, but the mechanisms that determine whether a gene is targeted or not are poorly understood. We studied the genomic distribution of distances between pairs of identical miRNA seeds and found a propensity for moderate distances greater than about 13 nt between seed starts. Experimental data show that optimal down-regulation is obtained when two seed sites are separated by between 13 and 35 nt. By analyzing the distance between seed sites of endogenous miRNAs and transfected small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), we also find that cooperative targeting of sites with a separation in the optimal range can explain some of the siRNA off-target effects that have been reported in the literature

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN E-COMMERCE PADA PT. TESHA MITRA PRIMA

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN E-COMMERCE PADA PT. TESHA MITRA PRIMA

ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN E-MARKETING BERBASIS WEB UNTUK MENDUKUNG PEMASARAN PADA AY ARCHITECTS

ANALISA DAN PERANCANGAN E-MARKETING BERBASIS WEB UNTUK MENDUKUNG PEMASARAN PADA AY ARCHITECTS

Ankyrin Deficiency In Dominant Hereditary Spherocytosis - Report of 3 Cases

We describe three italian subjects from two unrelated families affected with isolated hereditary spherocytosis (HS) without other clinical abnormalities, associated with partial spectrin and ankyrin deficiency. In both families the propositus has normal biological parents, and thus appears to be the result of a new mutation; in one of them the disease is further transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. Cytogenetic analysis of the latter family excluded abnormalities of the short arm of chromosome 8. We speculate that in both kindreds ankyrin deficiency is the primary defect related to ankyrin gene mutation. Several pieces of evidence suggest that ankyrin deficiency is probably the most common molecular defect in HS. It is inherited in a dominant manner and its clinical and biochemical expression is heterogenous