Graphene-based thermopneumatic generator for on-board pressure supply of soft robots

Various fields, including medical and human interaction robots, gain advantages from the development of bioinspired soft actuators. Many recently developed grippers are pneumatics that require external pressure supply systems, thereby limiting the autonomy of these robots. This necessitates the development of scalable and efficient on-board pressure generation systems. While conventional air compression systems are hard to miniaturize, thermopneumatic systems that joule-heat a transducer material to generate pressure present a promising alternative. However, the transducer materials of previously reported thermopneumatic systems demonstrate high heat capacities and limited surface area resulting in long response times and low operation frequencies. This study presents a thermopneumatic pressure generator using aerographene, a highly porous (>99.99 %) network of interconnected graphene microtubes, as lightweight and low heat capacity transducer material. An aerographene pressurizer module (AGPM) can pressurize a reservoir of 4.2 cm3 to about ~140 mbar in 50 ms. Periodic operation of the AGPM for 10 s at 0.66 Hz can further increase the pressure in the reservoir to ~360 mbar. It is demonstrated that multiple AGPMs can be operated parallelly or in series for improved performance. For example, three parallelly operated AGPMs can generate pressure pulses of ~215 mbar. Connecting AGPMs in series increases the maximum pressure achievable by the system. It is shown that three AGPMs working in series can pressurize the reservoir to ~2000 mbar in about 2.5 min. The AGPM's minimalistic design can be easily adapted to circuit boards, making the concept a promising fit for the on-board pressure supply of soft robots.Comment: Author Affiliation: Functional Nanomaterials, Department of Materials Science, Kiel University, Germany; Corresponding Authors: Dr.-Ing. Fabian Sch\"utt ([email protected]), Prof. Dr. Rainer Adelung ([email protected]

On the plasma permeability of highly porous ceramic framework materials using polymers as marker materials

Highly porous framework materials are of large interest due to their broad potential for application, for example, as sensors or catalysts. A new approach is presented to investigate, how deep plasma species can penetrate such materials. For this purpose, a polymer (ethylene propylene diene monomere rubber) is used as marker material and covered with the porous material during plasma exposure. Water contact-angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements are used to identify changes in the polymer surface, originating from the interaction of plasma species with the polymer. The method is demonstrated by studying the plasma permeability of tetrapodal zinc oxide framework materials with a porosity of about 90% in an oxygen low-pressure capacitively coupled plasma. Significant differences in the penetration depth ranging from roughly 1.6–4 mm are found for different densities of the material and different treatment conditions

Multifunctional, Self-Cleaning Air Filters Based on Graphene-Enhanced Ceramic Networks

Particulate air pollution is taking a huge toll on modern society, being associated with more than three million deaths per year. In addition, airborne infectious microorganism can spread dangerous diseases, further elevating the problem. A common way to mitigate the risks of airborne particles is by air filtration. However, conventional air filters usually do not provide any functionality beyond particle removal. They are unable to inactivate accumulated contaminants and therefore need periodic maintenance and replacement to remain operational and safe. This work presents a multifunctional, self-cleaning air filtration system which utilizes a novel graphene-enhanced air filter medium (GeFM). The hybrid network of the GeFM combines the passive structure-based air filtration properties of an underlying ceramic network with additional active features based on the functional properties of a graphene thin film. The GeFM is able to capture >95 % of microorganisms and particles larger than 1 $\mu$m and can be repetitively Joule-heated to >300 {\deg}C for several hours without signs of degradation. Hereby, built-up organic particulate matter and microbial contaminants are effectively decomposed, regenerating the GeFM. Additionally, the GeFM provides unique options to monitor the filter's air troughput and loading status during operation. The active features of the GeFM can drastically improve filter life-time and safety, offering great potential for the development of safer and more sustainable air filtration solutions to face the future challenges of air pollution and pandemics.Comment: * Corresponding authors: Prof. Dr. Rainer Adelung ([email protected]) and Dr.-Ing. Fabian Sch\"utt ([email protected]

Two Rare Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables with Extreme Cyclotron Features Identified in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Two newly identified magnetic cataclysmic variables discovered in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), SDSSJ155331.12+551614.5 and SDSSJ132411.57+032050.5, have spectra showing highly prominent, narrow, strongly polarized cyclotron humps with amplitudes that vary on orbital periods of 4.39 and 2.6 hrs, respectively. In the former, the spacing of the humps indicates the 3rd and 4th harmonics in a magnetic field of ~60 MG. The narrowness of the cyclotron features and the lack of strong emission lines imply very low temperature plasmas and very low accretion rates, so that the accreting area is heated by particle collisions rather than accretion shocks. The detection of rare systems like these exemplifies the ability of the SDSS to find the lowest accretion rate close binaries.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal, vol. 583, February 1, 2003; slight revisions and additions in response to referee's comments; 17 pages, 6 figures, AASTeX v4.