89 research outputs found

    South Dakota Parents’ Knowledge of Congenital Cytomegalovirus, Its Long-Term Health Effects, and Methods for Minimizing Exposure

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    Congenital CMV (cCMV) is acknowledged as one of the most common causes of nonhereditary sensorineural hearing loss and an important cause of neurodevelopmental delay in children. Despite the danger cCMV poses, many parents are unaware of the virus, its sequelae, mode of transmission, and preventative behaviors. The purpose of the study was to determine South Dakota parents’ knowledge of cCMV, its sequelae, and ways to minimize exposure. An electronic survey was utilized for data collection. Parents of children born in South Dakota from 2011 to 2018 were asked about their knowledge of CMV and cCMV, including common sequelae and ways to minimize exposure. Flyers were sent to randomly selected daycares and the link was posted on social media pages to advertise the electronic survey to South Dakota parents. After completing the survey, participants were directed to cCMV educational resources. Respondents were more knowledgeable regarding the sequelae of cCMV rather than its transmission process or ways in which viral exposure can be minimized. Results show that there remains a need for cCMV awareness in South Dakota, particularly with a large focus on preventative measures

    The effect of encapsulated glutamine on gut peptide secretion in human volunteers.

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    CONTEXT: Weight loss and improved blood glucose control after bariatric surgery have been attributed in part to increased ileal nutrient delivery with enhanced release of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Non-surgical strategies to manage obesity are required. The aim of the current study was to assess whether encapsulated glutamine, targeted to the ileum, could increase GLP-1 secretion, improve glucose tolerance or reduce meal size. METHODS: A single-center, randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study was performed in 24 healthy volunteers and 8 patients with type 2 diabetes. Fasting participants received a single dose of encapsulated ileal-release glutamine (3.6 or 6.0 g) or placebo per visit with blood sampling at baseline and for 4h thereafter. Glucose tolerance and meal size were studied using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and ad libitum meal respectively. RESULTS: In healthy volunteers, ingestion of 6.0 g glutamine was associated with increased GLP-1 concentrations after 90 min compared with placebo (mean 10.6 pg/ml vs 6.9 pg/ml, p=0.004), increased insulin concentrations after 90 min (mean 70.9 vs 48.5, p=0.048), and increased meal size at 120 min (mean 542 g eaten vs 481 g, p=0.008). Ingestion of 6.0 g glutamine was not associated with significant differences in GLP-1, glucose or insulin concentrations after a glucose tolerance test in healthy or type 2 diabetic participants. CONCLUSIONS: Single oral dosing of encapsulated glutamine did not provoke consistent increases in GLP-1 and insulin secretion and was not associated with beneficial metabolic effects in healthy volunteers or patients with type 2 diabetes.This project was supported by a project grant from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013; grant agreement n° 266,408) as part of a larger collaboration called Full4Health. Claire Meek receives salary funding from the Wellcome Trust Translational Medicine and Therapeutics Programme which is funded by the Wellcome Trust in association with Glaxo SmithKline. FMG and FR were funded by the Wellcome Trust (WT088357/Z/09/Z and WT084210/Z/07/Z.)This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier via http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2015.10.00

    Network Compression as a Quality Measure for Protein Interaction Networks

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    With the advent of large-scale protein interaction studies, there is much debate about data quality. Can different noise levels in the measurements be assessed by analyzing network structure? Because proteomic regulation is inherently co-operative, modular and redundant, it is inherently compressible when represented as a network. Here we propose that network compression can be used to compare false positive and false negative noise levels in protein interaction networks. We validate this hypothesis by first confirming the detrimental effect of false positives and false negatives. Second, we show that gold standard networks are more compressible. Third, we show that compressibility correlates with co-expression, co-localization, and shared function. Fourth, we also observe correlation with better protein tagging methods, physiological expression in contrast to over-expression of tagged proteins, and smart pooling approaches for yeast two-hybrid screens. Overall, this new measure is a proxy for both sensitivity and specificity and gives complementary information to standard measures such as average degree and clustering coefficients

    Observation of Cosmic Ray Anisotropy with Nine Years of IceCube Data

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    Design of an Efficient, High-Throughput Photomultiplier Tube Testing Facility for the IceCube Upgrade

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    Multi-messenger searches via IceCube’s high-energy neutrinos and gravitational-wave detections of LIGO/Virgo

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    We summarize initial results for high-energy neutrino counterpart searches coinciding with gravitational-wave events in LIGO/Virgo\u27s GWTC-2 catalog using IceCube\u27s neutrino triggers. We did not find any statistically significant high-energy neutrino counterpart and derived upper limits on the time-integrated neutrino emission on Earth as well as the isotropic equivalent energy emitted in high-energy neutrinos for each event

    The Acoustic Module for the IceCube Upgrade

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