An analysis of mental imagery in children's silent reading

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Rev. Canon James Owen Hannay, X.A. D. Litt. 'George A. Birmingham* An Irishman looks at his world

The subject of this thesis is Rev, Canon James Owen Hannay, George A, Birmingham, and his Irish experience, a period which spans over fifty years, 1865-1921, The main focus of this work is a biographical treatment of Hannay's work as a Church of Ireland minister, in particular, his involvement with the Gaelic League, his support of Sinn Fein, the Irish Agriculture Organisation Society, Home Rule, and many other issues and organisations which worked towards the regeneration and reconciliation of class and creed in Ireland during the first two decades of the twentieth century. He was a participant, in, and an observer of Ireland in an era of hope, renewal, and growth. However, he also witnessed Ireland in a time of revolution and war, bitterness and hatred. Hannay recorded these observations which provide the historian with valuable primary source material for contemporary Ireland, At the time of his death, in 1950, he had published, as George A. Birmingham, over sixty novels and books of short stories, In addition there were numerous volumes of essays, reminisciences, travel, general knowledge, theological and biblical works, studies of Irish people and Irish life, Over four hundred articles from Hannay's pen, published in the Irish, English, and American press, are recorded in the catalogue of his papers in Trinity College, Dublin, and this is by no means complete, Hannay was also well known as a lecturer and public speaker. The aim of this study is to examine historically Hannay's experiences while living in Ireland, and his account of those experiences, to provide some insights, through his writings, into contemporary Ireland, and to explore Hannay's disenchantment with the issues and organisations he had passionately believed in , resulting, ultimately in his estrangement from Ireland. As this work deals with his Irish experience, the second part of his life, spent outside Ireland, and the work that, he published in this period, are dealt with only briefly

Natural History of Stuttering to 4 Years of Age: A Prospective Community-Based Study

These findings from a community-ascertained cohort refute long-held views suggesting that developmental stuttering is associated with a range of poorer outcomes. If anything, the reverse was true, with stuttering predicting subsequently better language,nonverbal skills, and psychosocial health-related quality of life at 4 years of age.Future research with this cohort will support a more complete longitudinal understanding of when and in whom recovery occurs. Current best practice recommends waiting for 12 monthsbefore commencing treatment, unlessthe child is distressed, there is parental concern, or the child becomes reluctant to communicate. It may be that for many children treatment could be deferred even longer. Treatment is efficacious15 but is both intensive (median of 15.4o ne-hour clinical sessions followedby 10 one-hour clinical maintenance sessions) and expensive; this "watchful waiting" recommendation would therefore help target allocation of scarce resources to the small number of children who do not resolve and experience adverse outcomes, secure in the knowledge that delaying treatment by a year or more has been shown not to compromise treatment efficac

Effectiveness of appropriately trained nurses in preoperative assessment: randomised controlled equivalence/non-inferiority trial

Objective To determine whether preoperative assessments carried out by appropriately trained nurses are inferior in quality to those carried out by preregistration house officers. Design Randomised controlled equivalence/non-inferiority trial. Setting Four NHS hospitals in three trusts. Three of the four were teaching hospitals. Participants All patients attending for assessment before general anaesthesia for general, vascular, urological, or breast surgery between April 1998 and March 1999. Intervention Assessment by one of three appropriately trained nurses or by one of several preregistration house officers. Main outcome measures History taken, physical examination, and investigations ordered. Measures evaluated by a specialist registrar in anaesthetics and placed in four categories: correct, overassessment, underassessment not affecting management, and underassessment possibly affecting management (primary outcome). Results 1907 patients were randomised, and 1874 completed the study; 926 were assessed by house officers and 948 by nurses. Overall 121/948 (13%) assessments carried out by nurses were judged to have possibly affected management compared with 138/926 (15%) of those performed by house officers. Nurses were judged to be non-inferior to house officers in assessment, although there was variation among them in terms of the quality of history taking. The house officers ordered considerably more unnecessary tests than the nurses (218/926 (24%) v 129/948 (14%). Conclusions There is no reason to inhibit the development of nurse led preoperative assessment provided that the nurses involved receive adequate training. However, house officers will continue to require experience in preoperative assessment

Pediatric Bipolar Disorder Versus Severe Mood Dysregulation: Risk for Manic Episodes on Follow-Up

OBJECTIVE: An important question in pediatric bipolar research is whether marked nonepisodic irritability is a manifestation of bipolar disorder in youth. This study tests the hypothesis that youth with severe mood dysregulation (SMD), a category created for the purpose of studying children presenting with severe nonepisodic irritability, will be significantly less likely to develop (hypo-)manic or mixed episodes over time than will youth with bipolar disorder (BD). METHOD: Patients with SMD (N = 84) and narrowly defined BD (N = 93) at baseline were followed up in 6-monthly intervals using the relevant K-SADS modules to ascertain (hypo-)manic or mixed episodes. RESULTS: Only one of 84 SMD subjects (1/84 [1.2%]; 95% confidence interval CI = 0.0003 to 0.064) experienced a (hypo-)manic or mixed episode during the study (median follow-up = 28.7 months). The frequency of such episodes was more than 50 times higher in those with narrowly defined BD (58/93 [62.4%]; 95% CI 0.52 to 0.72). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that, over an approximately 2-year follow-up period, youth with SMD are unlikely to develop (hypo-)manic or mixed episodes

Versailles project on advanced materials and standards (VAMAS) interlaboratory study on measuring the number concentration of colloidal gold nanoparticles

We describe the outcome of a large international interlaboratory study of the measurement of particle number concentration of colloidal nanoparticles, project 10 of the technical working area 34, "Nanoparticle Populations" of the Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS). A total of 50 laboratories delivered results for the number concentration of 30 nm gold colloidal nanoparticles measured using particle tracking analysis (PTA), single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light spectroscopy, centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The study provides quantitative data to evaluate the repeatability of these methods and their reproducibility in the measurement of number concentration of model nanoparticle systems following a common measurement protocol. We find that the population-averaging methods of SAXS, CLS and UV-Vis have high measurement repeatability and reproducibility, with between-labs variability of 2.6%, 11% and 1.4% respectively. However, results may be significantly biased for reasons including inaccurate material properties whose values are used to compute the number concentration. Particle-counting method results are less reproducibile than population-averaging methods, with measured between-labs variability of 68% and 46% for PTA and spICP-MS respectively. This study provides the stakeholder community with important comparative data to underpin measurement reproducibility and method validation for number concentration of nanoparticles

Genomic investigations of unexplained acute hepatitis in children

Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis in children have been reported worldwide, including 278 cases in the UK1. Here we report an investigation of 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA in the liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 of 28 cases. We found low levels of adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in 23 of 31 and 16 of 23, respectively, of the cases tested. By contrast, AAV2 was infrequently detected and at low titre in the blood or the liver from control children with HAdV, even when profoundly immunosuppressed. AAV2, HAdV and HHV-6 phylogeny excluded the emergence of novel strains in cases. Histological analyses of explanted livers showed enrichment for T cells and B lineage cells. Proteomic comparison of liver tissue from cases and healthy controls identified increased expression of HLA class 2, immunoglobulin variable regions and complement proteins. HAdV and AAV2 proteins were not detected in the livers. Instead, we identified AAV2 DNA complexes reflecting both HAdV-mediated and HHV-6B-mediated replication. We hypothesize that high levels of abnormal AAV2 replication products aided by HAdV and, in severe cases, HHV-6B may have triggered immune-mediated hepatic disease in genetically and immunologically predisposed children

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival

Rev. Canon James Owen Hannay, X.A. D. Litt. \u27George A. Birmingham* An Irishman looks at his world

The subject of this thesis is Rev, Canon James Owen Hannay, George A, Birmingham, and his Irish experience, a period which spans over fifty years, 1865-1921, The main focus of this work is a biographical treatment of Hannay\u27s work as a Church of Ireland minister, in particular, his involvement with the Gaelic League, his support of Sinn Fein, the Irish Agriculture Organisation Society, Home Rule, and many other issues and organisations which worked towards the regeneration and reconciliation of class and creed in Ireland during the first two decades of the twentieth century. He was a participant, in, and an observer of Ireland in an era of hope, renewal, and growth. However, he also witnessed Ireland in a time of revolution and war, bitterness and hatred. Hannay recorded these observations which provide the historian with valuable primary source material for contemporary Ireland, At the time of his death, in 1950, he had published, as George A. Birmingham, over sixty novels and books of short stories, In addition there were numerous volumes of essays, reminisciences, travel, general knowledge, theological and biblical works, studies of Irish people and Irish life, Over four hundred articles from Hannay\u27s pen, published in the Irish, English, and American press, are recorded in the catalogue of his papers in Trinity College, Dublin, and this is by no means complete, Hannay was also well known as a lecturer and public speaker. The aim of this study is to examine historically Hannay\u27s experiences while living in Ireland, and his account of those experiences, to provide some insights, through his writings, into contemporary Ireland, and to explore Hannay\u27s disenchantment with the issues and organisations he had passionately believed in , resulting, ultimately in his estrangement from Ireland. As this work deals with his Irish experience, the second part of his life, spent outside Ireland, and the work that, he published in this period, are dealt with only briefly

Rev. Canon James Owen Hannay, X.A. D. Litt. 'George A. Birmingham* An Irishman looks at his world

The subject of this thesis is Rev, Canon James Owen Hannay, George A, Birmingham, and his Irish experience, a period which spans over fifty years, 1865-1921, The main focus of this work is a biographical treatment of Hannay's work as a Church of Ireland minister, in particular, his involvement with the Gaelic League, his support of Sinn Fein, the Irish Agriculture Organisation Society, Home Rule, and many other issues and organisations which worked towards the regeneration and reconciliation of class and creed in Ireland during the first two decades of the twentieth century. He was a participant, in, and an observer of Ireland in an era of hope, renewal, and growth. However, he also witnessed Ireland in a time of revolution and war, bitterness and hatred. Hannay recorded these observations which provide the historian with valuable primary source material for contemporary Ireland, At the time of his death, in 1950, he had published, as George A. Birmingham, over sixty novels and books of short stories, In addition there were numerous volumes of essays, reminisciences, travel, general knowledge, theological and biblical works, studies of Irish people and Irish life, Over four hundred articles from Hannay's pen, published in the Irish, English, and American press, are recorded in the catalogue of his papers in Trinity College, Dublin, and this is by no means complete, Hannay was also well known as a lecturer and public speaker. The aim of this study is to examine historically Hannay's experiences while living in Ireland, and his account of those experiences, to provide some insights, through his writings, into contemporary Ireland, and to explore Hannay's disenchantment with the issues and organisations he had passionately believed in , resulting, ultimately in his estrangement from Ireland. As this work deals with his Irish experience, the second part of his life, spent outside Ireland, and the work that, he published in this period, are dealt with only briefly