Шевченкове слово на уроках читання в початковій школі

У статті проаналізовано поезії Тараса Шевченка, що вивчаються на уроках читання в початкових класах.В статье анализируются стихотворения Тараса Шевченко, которые изучаются в начальных классах.The article deals with Taras Shevchenko’s poetry studied at the primary school reading lessons

Understanding circular economy transitions: The case of circular textiles

The circular economy has been proposed to transform global textile supply chains which are currently challenged by a complex nexus of sustainability issues related to the dominant fast fashion trend. Research on circular economy in the textile sector often focuses on businesses or consumers as key enablers in circular transitions, yet it treats them as independent entities and thereby neglects the study of interactions that can provide insight at the systems level. The proclaimed “circular textile mission” in the Netherlands setting a national target for 100% circularity by 2050 is used as case study to address this research gap. We explore the circular textile transition processes found in the context of the Dutch mission and compare the development and interactions among various technical and non-technological solutions produced by engaged actor constellations for assessing key factors driving and blocking the overall mission fulfilment. To these ends, we derive a theoretical framework based on innovation system theory and conceptualize the Dutch circular textile transition as a Mission-oriented Innovation System (MIS). Analyzing the structure and functioning of the Dutch mission-oriented innovation system, we show that (1) there is a good match between the formal Dutch circular textile mission and system actor perceptions; (2) system actors have formed structures around three dominant solution trajectories in the Dutch system: secondhand, mechanical recycling, and chemical recycling; (3) these trajectories expose distinct key virtuous and vicious cycles, which characterize (4) the entire system as formative. Overall, the secondhand trajectory shows most developed structures and most positive dynamics, chemical recycling carries most technological breakthrough potential, whereas mechanical recycling is a mature technology but lacks market demand and supply. We compare the three solution trajectories, discuss the disruptive nature of the Dutch circular textile transition, and suggest installing Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) as a potential intervention for accelerating system transformation. The study concludes with reflections on the case learnings and considerations for further research on mission-oriented innovation systems

Understanding the Circular Economy: From Synthesized Conceptual Foundations to System-Oriented Progress Measurement

This PhD dissertation responds to calls in the scientific circular economy literature to better conceptualize and measure the circular economy. First, in its new context of application, the circular economy has often been criticized as a melting pot of concepts lacking consensus across scholars and other societal stakeholders. Second, circular economy measurement has thus far mostly been focused on technical aspects of the circular economy, quantitative performance measures and final sustainability impacts, rather than the progress of the transition to a circular economy. As a contribution to circular economy conceptualization, this dissertation synthesizes conceptual foundations of the circular economy into a new circular economy definition and it creates a comprehensive framework of a key circular economy principle, the circular economy value retention options (also called R-strategies). The definition includes the basic principles of circular economy (systems and value retention options), enablers (businesses models and consumers), and aims (sustainable development and an intact resource based for future generations). The framework of circular economy value retention options emerges from a qualitative analysis of 69 academic articles and comprises a 10R hierarchy (R0—Refuse, R1—Reduce, R2—Reuse/Resell, R3—Repair, R4—Refurbish, R5—Remanufacture, R6—Repurpose, R7—Recycle, R8—Recover Energy, R9—Remine). Circular economy measurement in the dissertation focuses on better understanding the circular economy transition in the formative phase through system-oriented measurement of circular economy processes. Two different frameworks are constructed in leaning on the “technological innovation systems” approach and its “seven functions of innovation systems”. The first framework focuses on the analyses of multiple, diverse circular economy solution trajectories emerging in parallel. To assess progress of solution trajectories, the 10R framework is utilized, and two additional innovation system functions are employed (coordination, regime change) to better capture their progress. An empirical mixed-methods study on the “Dutch circular textiles mission” serves to apply the framework. The second system-oriented framework developed is termed “AMOR”. It combines the original seven functions of innovation systems with the “Abilities, Motivations, Opportunities–AMO” framework and the 10Rs framework into a new framework (AMOR) with nine lead indicators. In the dissertation, a macro-level and a micro-level framework are introduced, and results are obtained based on government data from the Netherlands (macro-level) and through corporate sustainability reports from multinational corporations (micro-level). Overall, the dissertation derives advances on the circular economy concept and its measurement combined with empirical insights. It presents further avenues for conceptualization by academics and proposes that practitioners may use the circular economy definition, the 10R framework, and the measurement frameworks as a guideline for circular economy implementation and monitoring

Conceptualizing the circular economy: An analysis of 114 definitions

Abstract The circular economy concept has gained momentum both among scholars and practitioners. However, critics claim that it means many different things to different people. This paper provides further evidence for these critics. The aim of this paper is to create transparency regarding the current understandings of the circular economy concept. For this purpose, we have gathered 114 circular economy definitions which were coded on 17 dimensions. Our findings indicate that the circular economy is most frequently depicted as a combination of reduce, reuse and recycle activities, whereas it is oftentimes not highlighted that CE necessitates a systemic shift. We further find that the definitions show few explicit linkages of the circular economy concept to sustainable development. The main aim of the circular economy is considered to be economic prosperity, followed by environmental quality; its impact on social equity and future generations is barely mentioned. Furthermore, neither business models nor consumers are frequently outlined as enablers of the circular economy. We critically discuss the various circular economy conceptualizations throughout this paper. Overall, we hope to contribute via this study towards the coherence of the circular economy concept; we presume that significantly varying circular economy definitions may eventually result in the collapse of the concept

Science for sale? Why academic marketization is a problem and what sustainability research can do about it

Scholars have long called out the flaws in academic publishing. However, a nuanced and constructive discussion of this issue is still lacking. We advocate that these flaws are symptoms of broader and intensifying marketization of academic research. To address this, we first discuss the two dimensions of marketization: the commodification of academic output and the ‘managerialization’ of academic governance. We then argue that sustainability research is especially vulnerable to marketization trends because of its broader set of values that cannot merely be reflected in academic output. We illustrate these values by discussing the nature of the challenges faced by sustainability researchers, their relationships with non-academic stakeholders, and the intrinsic normativity of their research. We explore potential ways forward to reform existing academic organizational structures and research funding system, embrace more inclusive and democratic research approaches, and support the development of nonprofit open-access journals.</p

The circular economy : New or Refurbished as CE 3.0? - Exploring Controversies in the Conceptualization of the Circular Economy through a Focus on History and Resource Value Retention Options

Over the last decade, the concept of the circular economy has regained attention, especially related to efforts to achieve a more sustainable society. The 'revival' of the circular economy has been accompanied by controversies and confusions across different actors in science and practice. With this article we attempt at contributing to advanced clarity in the field and providing a heuristic that is useful in practice. Initially, we take a focus on the historical development of the concept of circular economy and value retention options (ROs) for products and materials aiming for increased circularity. We propose to distinguish three phases in the evolution of the circular economy and argue that the concept - in its dominant framing - is not as new as frequently claimed. Having established this background knowledge, we give insights into 'how far we are' globally, with respect to the implementation of circularity, arguing that high levels of circularity have already been reached in different parts of the globe with regard to longer loop value retention options, such as energy recovery and recycling. Subsequently, we show that the confusion surrounding the circular economy is more far-reaching the divergent scholarly perspectives on retention options and unite the most common views a 10Rtypology. e conclude that policymakers and businesses should focus their efforts on realization of the more desirable, shorter loop retention options, like remanufacturing, refurbishing and repurposing - yet with a view on feasibility and overall system effects. Scholars, on the other hand, should assist the parties contributing to an increased circular economy in practice by taking up a more active role in attaining consensus in conceptualizing the circular economy

The circular economy : New or Refurbished as CE 3.0? - Exploring Controversies in the Conceptualization of the Circular Economy through a Focus on History and Resource Value Retention Options

Over the last decade, the concept of the circular economy has regained attention, especially related to efforts to achieve a more sustainable society. The 'revival' of the circular economy has been accompanied by controversies and confusions across different actors in science and practice. With this article we attempt at contributing to advanced clarity in the field and providing a heuristic that is useful in practice. Initially, we take a focus on the historical development of the concept of circular economy and value retention options (ROs) for products and materials aiming for increased circularity. We propose to distinguish three phases in the evolution of the circular economy and argue that the concept - in its dominant framing - is not as new as frequently claimed. Having established this background knowledge, we give insights into 'how far we are' globally, with respect to the implementation of circularity, arguing that high levels of circularity have already been reached in different parts of the globe with regard to longer loop value retention options, such as energy recovery and recycling. Subsequently, we show that the confusion surrounding the circular economy is more far-reaching the divergent scholarly perspectives on retention options and unite the most common views a 10Rtypology. e conclude that policymakers and businesses should focus their efforts on realization of the more desirable, shorter loop retention options, like remanufacturing, refurbishing and repurposing - yet with a view on feasibility and overall system effects. Scholars, on the other hand, should assist the parties contributing to an increased circular economy in practice by taking up a more active role in attaining consensus in conceptualizing the circular economy

Consumer acceptance of circular business models

Society has been operating in a linear way which implies rapid waste generation. Previous research has shown business models able to reclaim products at end-of-use are currently poorly developed and implemented. A shift should be made to Circular Business Models (CBM) that focus on the re-use and recycling of materials. However, little is known about consumers’ acceptance and willingness to participate in CBMs. The present study aims to enrich the existing research on CBM consumer acceptance which currently lacks generalisable quantitative insights on preferential CBM design. The consumer intention to participate in three types of CBMs (take-back management, product lease and pay-per-use) is analysed emphasising three key characteristics: ownership, responsibility and payment structure. We use an established consumer behaviour theory, the Theory of Planned Behaviour and extend it with two main factors (environmental attitude and habits) in order to make it apt for analysing consumer preferences regarding environmental decision-making. Results show consumers’ clear preference for take-back management models over leasing or pay-per-use models. In particular, habits and consumer opinion regarding payment structures are revealed to have a large influence on consumer intention to participate in CBMs. Altered payment structures in leasing and pay-per use seem a crucial reason for lower acceptance. Ownership on the other hand had a marginal influence, which was not expected based on CBM literature. This suggests that institutionalised consumer habits have to be acknowledged and alternative characteristics have to be introduced gradually to reform habits. The results can serve as guidance for companies in their design and implementation of circular strategies to reclaim products after use. Future research should aim to more deeply understand the relation between consumers acceptance and the responsibility and payment structure characteristics of CBMs

Consumer acceptance of circular business models

Society has been operating in a linear way which implies rapid waste generation. Previous research has shown business models able to reclaim products at end-of-use are currently poorly developed and implemented. A shift should be made to Circular Business Models (CBM) that focus on the re-use and recycling of materials. However, little is known about consumers’ acceptance and willingness to participate in CBMs. The present study aims to enrich the existing research on CBM consumer acceptance which currently lacks generalisable quantitative insights on preferential CBM design. The consumer intention to participate in three types of CBMs (take-back management, product lease and pay-per-use) is analysed emphasising three key characteristics: ownership, responsibility and payment structure. We use an established consumer behaviour theory, the Theory of Planned Behaviour and extend it with two main factors (environmental attitude and habits) in order to make it apt for analysing consumer preferences regarding environmental decision-making. Results show consumers’ clear preference for take-back management models over leasing or pay-per-use models. In particular, habits and consumer opinion regarding payment structures are revealed to have a large influence on consumer intention to participate in CBMs. Altered payment structures in leasing and pay-per use seem a crucial reason for lower acceptance. Ownership on the other hand had a marginal influence, which was not expected based on CBM literature. This suggests that institutionalised consumer habits have to be acknowledged and alternative characteristics have to be introduced gradually to reform habits. The results can serve as guidance for companies in their design and implementation of circular strategies to reclaim products after use. Future research should aim to more deeply understand the relation between consumers acceptance and the responsibility and payment structure characteristics of CBMs

The Circular Economy and Cascading: Towards a Framework

The principle of cascading, the sequential and consecutive use of resources, is a potential method to create added value in circular economy (CE) practices. Despite conceptual similarities, no research to date has explored how cascading has been operationalised and how to integrate it with CE R-imperatives (Reduce, Reuse etc.) to facilitate implementation practices. CE practices emphasise value creation and retention, yet, there has been little reflexive examination of explicit and intrinsic value considerations; namely, how allocation choices, i.e. the decision-making process, for resource utilization are made. This paper aims to (1) examine how cascading has been operationalised (empirically and theoretically) to understand its normative underpinnings and value considerations; and (2) integrate cascading with the CE practices in a manner that accounts for the complexities of material allocation choices. Through a literature review of 64 articles from three bodies of literature (CE, cascading and up/downcycling), plus additional material on sustainable development, we show the cascading concept is a suitable framework to direct material uses and provides an overarching concept to integrate with CE R-imperatives. From this, we propose a new theoretical framework that considers the socio-organisational necessities for a CE-cascading system, specifically by deconstructing the allocation choices and exchanges of product material combinations between actor groups. This considers a dual perspective of the physical aspects of materials and the social context in which material allocation is made. The framework transcends individual value chain actor configurations to propose an overarching steering/governance framework, based on the triple-P of sustainability (People, Planet, Prosperity), to examine and direct CE-cascading exchanges, between and above individual users/firms