Memory's edge : A Survivor's Story ...

Experiences in Austria after "Anschluss"; suicide of father; on board of the "St.Louis"; first two war years in France; emigration to USA.Liane Reif-Lehrer was born in 1934 in Austria. Her father committed suicide after the "Anschluss" in 1938. She and her mother were on board the "St.Louis" which was denied landing in Cuba and had to return to Europe. She stayed in France for two years, and immigrated to the USA in 1941. She lived as a scientist in the USA.Published in "Boston" April 1988, vol.80, No.4

Grant application writers handbook/ Reif-Lehrer

xx, 465 hal.; 25 cm

Effect of Nucleotides and Related Compounds on Glutamine Synthetase Activity in Chick Embryo Retina: A Biochemical and Immunohistochemical Study

: The effect of a number of nucleotides and related compounds on glutamine synthetase (GS) induction in retina from 12‐day chick embryo was studied with both biochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. A number of these compounds gave rise to GS activity comparable to that induced by treatment with cortisol, which is known to give rise to precocious induction of the enzyme in this system. Of the cyclic nucleotides examined, cAMP (0.5‐1.2 × 10−3 M) gave essentially no increase in GS activity. In contrast, dibutyryl cAMP (0.8 × 10−3 M) had a more significant effect on GS activity, as did 8‐bromo‐cAMP and cGMP at the same concentration. The activity elicited by these nucleotides was generally half that obtained by treatment with 2.8 × 10−7 M‐cortisol for the same length of time, 8‐Bromo‐cGMP (0.8 × 10−3 M) had an effect comparable to the aforementioned concentration of cortisol. Since phosphodiesterase activity is minimal in the chick retina at 12 days of development, addition of isobutylmethylxanthine (1 × 10−5 M) to this system had, as would be expected, little effect on GS activity. Of the noncyclic compounds, 8‐bromoguanosine often gave rise to GS activity comparable to that obtained with cortisol. The other compounds (8‐bromo‐5′‐GMP, guanosine, adenosine, and 5′‐AMP) generally had less of an effect on GS. In general, the degree of staining in the immunohistochemical localization of GS corresponded well with the biochemical results and showed the enzyme to be present in regions consistent with the distribution of Muller cells and their processes. Thin‐layer chromatography and radioimmunoassay of the nucleotides did not show any steroid impurity in any of the compounds used in the study, even when determinations were carried out at five times the concentration of nucleotide used in the experiments