Complete Genome Sequence of UV-Resistant \u3ci\u3eCampylobacter jejuni\u3c/i\u3e RM3194, Including an 81.08-Kilobase Plasmid

Annually, Campylobacter spp. are responsible for the greatest number of foodborne gastrointestinal bacterial infections in the developed world (1, 2). However, Campylobacter spp. are nutritionally fastidious organisms requiring a microaerobic environment for survival (3). It remains uncertain by what mechanisms Campylobacter survives within multiple hostile environments in sufficient numbers to cause such significant amounts of human disease. Campylobacter jejuni strain RM3194 was isolated from a clinical sample in 1994 from a human enteritis case at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, and was supplied to our laboratory by Robert Mandrell (ARS, Albany, CA) (4, 5). In our research, RM3194 demonstrated an increased resistance to both UV (254 nm) and blue light (405 nm) (6). This resistance produced several-log-greater survival after challenge with UVlight compared to the survival of other C. jejuni strains in our collection

Complete Genome Sequence of UV-Resistant \u3ci\u3eCampylobacter jejuni\u3c/i\u3e RM3194, Including an 81.08-Kilobase Plasmid

Annually, Campylobacter spp. are responsible for the greatest number of foodborne gastrointestinal bacterial infections in the developed world (1, 2). However, Campylobacter spp. are nutritionally fastidious organisms requiring a microaerobic environment for survival (3). It remains uncertain by what mechanisms Campylobacter survives within multiple hostile environments in sufficient numbers to cause such significant amounts of human disease. Campylobacter jejuni strain RM3194 was isolated from a clinical sample in 1994 from a human enteritis case at the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, and was supplied to our laboratory by Robert Mandrell (ARS, Albany, CA) (4, 5). In our research, RM3194 demonstrated an increased resistance to both UV (254 nm) and blue light (405 nm) (6). This resistance produced several-log-greater survival after challenge with UVlight compared to the survival of other C. jejuni strains in our collection

Scedar: A scalable Python package for single-cell RNA-seq exploratory data analysis.

In single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) experiments, the number of individual cells has increased exponentially, and the sequencing depth of each cell has decreased significantly. As a result, analyzing scRNA-seq data requires extensive considerations of program efficiency and method selection. In order to reduce the complexity of scRNA-seq data analysis, we present scedar, a scalable Python package for scRNA-seq exploratory data analysis. The package provides a convenient and reliable interface for performing visualization, imputation of gene dropouts, detection of rare transcriptomic profiles, and clustering on large-scale scRNA-seq datasets. The analytical methods are efficient, and they also do not assume that the data follow certain statistical distributions. The package is extensible and modular, which would facilitate the further development of functionalities for future requirements with the open-source development community. The scedar package is distributed under the terms of the MIT license at https://pypi.org/project/scedar

Plasma Amino Acids Changes in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a severe chronic pain condition that most often develops following trauma. Blood samples were collected from 220 individuals, 160 CRPS subjects, and 60 healthy pain-free controls. Plasma amino acid levels were compared and contrasted between groups. L-Aspartate, L-glutamate, and L-ornithine were significantly increased, whereas L-tryptophan and L-arginine were significantly decreased in CRPS subjects as compared to controls. In addition, the L-kynurenine to L-tryptophan ratio demonstrated a significant increase, whereas the global arginine bioavailability ratio (GABR) was significantly decreased in the CRPS subjects. The CRPS subjects demonstrated a significant correlation between overall pain and the plasma levels of L-glutamate and the L-kynurenine to L-tryptophan ratio. CRPS subjects also showed a correlation between the decrease in plasma L-tryptophan and disease duration. This study shows that CRPS subjects exhibit significant changes in plasma levels of amino acids involved in glutamate receptor activation and in amino acids associated with immune function as compared to healthy pain-free controls. A better understanding of the role plasma amino acids play in the pathophysiology of CRPS may lead to novel treatments for this crippling condition

Differential expression (log₂ FC) of LEE genes derived from RNA-Seq comparisons of serotype O157:H7 strain PA20 grown for five hours or 12 hours in LB-NS at 30°C in the presence of different SMX-TM concentrations as shown.

<p>Comparisons with a log₂ FC ≥1.5 or ≤-1.5 (FC ≥3) are shown in bold.</p

Total differential-expressed-genes (DEG) in RNA-Seq comparisons of serotype O157:H7 strain PA20 grown for five hours or 12 hours in LB-NS in the presence of different SMX-TM concentrations as listed.

<p>Total differential-expressed-genes (DEG) in RNA-Seq comparisons of serotype O157:H7 strain PA20 grown for five hours or 12 hours in LB-NS in the presence of different SMX-TM concentrations as listed.</p

Differential expression (log₂ FC) of putative EHEC effector genes derived from RNA-Seq comparisons of serotype O157:H7 strain PA20 grown for five hours or 12 hours in LB-NS at 30°C in the presence of different SMX-TM concentrations as shown.

<p>Comparisons with a log₂ FC ≥1.5 or ≤-1.5 (FC≈3) are shown in bold.</p