2-[(E)-3-Phenyl­prop-2-en­yl]-1,2-benzisothia­zol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C16H13NO3S, the benzisothia­zole group is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation for all non-H atoms excluding the two O atoms bonded to S = 0.009 Å). The dihedral angle between the fused ring and the terminal ring is 13.8 (1)°. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked through inter­molecular C—H⋯O contacts forming a chain of mol­ecules along b

Sub-retinal abscess as presenting feature of endogenous candida endophthalmitis

Background: Sub-retinal abscess as the presenting feature in the setting of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is extremely infrequent. Immunodeficiency states are major predisposing risk factors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of Candida sub-retinal abscess as initial presentation in an immunocompetent patient. Case Presentation: A 32-year old, generally fit and well, female presented to us with gradually deteriorating vision in her right eye. Visual acuity was counting fingers in the right eye and, 20/30 in the left eye. Right eye fundus examination showed a full thickness, yellowish-white foveal lesion, and significant vitreous haze. Left eye examination was normal. Upon direct questioning, the patient disclosed history of backstreet abortion 3 weeks prior to the onset of her ocular symptoms. She underwent vitreous tap and intravitreal antibiotics (amphotericin B, 5 μg/0.5 ml). Vitreous culture showed profuse growth of Candida albicans. Because her condition was progressively deteriorating, she underwent 25 g vitrectomy plus repeat intravitreal amphotericin B under general anaesthesia. Three weeks post-vitrectomy, vitreous inflammation resolved completely, and the sub-retinal abscess healed with a macular scar formation. Over a follow-up of 4 years, no recurrences were observed. Conclusion: Our case highlights the importance of considering Candida albicans infection in the differential diagnosis of sub-retinal abscesses. Although immunocompromised states are traditionally identified as predisposing factors for fungal infections, fungal endogenous endophthalmitis can occur in healthy individuals as well

N-(2,3-Dimethyl­phen­yl)-4-hydr­oxy-2-methyl-2H-1,2-benzothia­zine-3-carboxamide 1,1-dioxide

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C18H18N2O4S, the thia­zine ring adopts a distorted half-chair conformation. 1,2-Benzothia­zines of this kind have a wide range of biological activities and are mainly used as medicines in the treatment of inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis. The enolic H atom is involved in an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, forming a six-membered ring. The mol­ecules arrange themselves into centrosymmetric dimers by means of inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A weak inter­molcular C—H⋯O inter­action is also present

The role of simulators in improving vitreoretinal surgery training - A systematic review

Objective: To conduct an appraisal of current evidence regarding the effectiveness of EyeSi®-based training of vitreoretinal surgery.Methods: The systematic review was conducted in July 2020, and comprised literature search on Cochrane Library, PubMed and Embase for articles regarding simulation training in vitreoretinal surgery. The shortlisted articles were subjected to qualitative analysis. Existing evidence was assessed, and predictions on how outcomes may be applied to improve vitreoretinal surgery training were made. The risk of bias of each study was calculated in line with the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook.Results: Of the 124 articles identified, 7(5.6%) were shortlisted; 5(71.4%) established construct validity; 1(14.3%) discriminate validity and 1(14.3%) concurrent validity. Analysis disclosed minimal bias in the selected studies.Conclusions: Current evidence on simulation training in vitreoretinal surgery suggests it is a thoroughly validated training tool with minimal risk of bias. Vitreoretinal surgery training programmes should adopt and gauge the impact simulation training has on patient-related outcomes

2-(Prop-2-en­yl)-1,2-benzisothia­zol-3(2H)-one 1,1-dioxide

In the title compound, C10H9NO3S, the benzisothia­zole group is almost planar (with a maximum deviation of 1.61 Å). The crystal structure is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain of mol­ecules along b

Postoperative pain management practices and their effectiveness after major gynecological surgery: An observational study in a tertiary care hospital

Background and Aims: Despite advances in postoperative pain management, patients continue to experience moderate to severe pain. This study was designed to assess the strategy, effectiveness, and safety of postoperative pain management in patients undergoing major gynecological surgery.Material and Methods: This observational study included postoperative patients having major gynecological surgery from February 2016 to July 2016. Data collected on a predesigned data collection sheet included patient\u27s demographics, postoperative analgesia modality, patient satisfaction, acute pain service assessment of numeric rating scale (NRS), number of breakthrough pains, number of rescue boluses, time required for the pain relief after rescue analgesia, and any complication for 48 h.Results: Among 154 patients reviewed, postoperative analgesia was provided with patient-controlled intravenous analgesia in 91 (59.1%) patients, intravenous opioid infusion in 42 (27%), and epidural analgesia in 21 (13.6%) patients with no statistically significant difference in NRS between different analgesic modalities. On analysis of breakthrough pain, 103 (66.8%) patients experienced moderate pain at one time and 53 (51.4%) at two or more times postoperatively. There were 2 (0.6%) patients experiencing severe breakthrough pain due to gaps in service provision and inadequate patient\u27s knowledge. Moderate-to-severe pain perception was irrespective of type of incision and surgery. Vomiting was significantly higher (P = 0.049) in patients receiving opioids.Conclusion: Adequacy of postoperative pain is not solely dependent on drugs and techniques but on the overall organization of pain services. However, incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly higher in patients receiving opioids

Extradural granulocytic sarcoma causing acute paraparesis

A case of 9 years old female presenting with rapidly progressive paraparesis during remission phase of acute myeloblastic leukemia is reported. Radiological imaging revealed an extradural mass in the upper dorsal spine producing significant cord compression. The patient showed a dramatic neurological recovery after spinal cord decompression and subsequently treated with appropriate chemotherapy and local radiotherapy

Assessment of the dietary transfer of pesticides to dairy milk and its effect on human health

The transfer of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in dairy cattle’s milk when fed on agroindustrial by-product diet was assessed in this study. The transfer and accumulation of such pesticide in cattle fat tissue and milk was also assessed and the adverse effect on cattle’s and human health was also studied. For that purpose, about 80 milk and 30 diet samples were collected from various dairy farms. All samples were extracted with acids using "quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe" (QuEChERS) method and analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results show that about 40 and 20% of milk samples had greater content of cypermethrin+chloropyrifos and porfenofos than their maximum residue limits as suggested by World Health Organisation (WHO). Cypermethrin, chloropyrifos and profenofos were present at concentration greater than their maximum residue limits in mixed diet whereas profenofos was completely absent in sugarcane khal and was present in traces in cotton khal but remained within the maximum residue limit. Nonetheless, transfer of residue of parent cypermethrin, chloropyrifos and profenofos to milk was not consistent with diet in all dairy milk samples. This revealed the contention that some other sources such as drinking or inhaling contaminated water or dust are also contributing to pesticide contamination in milk. Cancer potency factor for cypermethrine in children and adults remained within the recommended value. Generally, although pesticides residue in milk was not high enough to cause cancer risk in human, they might cause adverse health effect and delayed toxicity due to their long term accumulation and persistence within cattle’s body. Therefore, there was an urgent need to estimate their contents in dairy cattle milk in order to provide a baseline for the health ministry to make safety regulations.Keywords: Pesticides, contamination, milk, cattle diet, risk assessmentAfrican Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 13(3), pp. 476-485, 15 January, 201