ANÁLISE DOS DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE FOTOPOLIMERIZAÇÃO DOS MATERIAIS RESINOSOS – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION SYSTEMS OF RESIN MATERIALS - LITERATURE REVIEW

Introdução: Falhas no processo de polimerização levam o material resinoso a sofrer alterações estruturais, como menor resistência ao desgaste, degradação na matriz orgânica, infiltrações e absorção de água. Diversos tipos de aparelhos fotopolimerizadores têm sido lançados no mercado, com o intuito de permitir diferentes métodos de fotoativação. É de suma importância saber qual fotopolimerizador deve ser usado para o tipo de fotoiniciador composto no material resinoso. Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão de literatura é analisar diferentes fotopolimerizadores e fotoiniciadores para polimerização de resinas compostas. Metodologia: A revisão de literatura contou com uma busca em bancos de dados científicos online nacionais e internacionais, selecionando artigos publicados a partir de 2008, em português, inglês e espanhol, utilizando os descritores light curing of dental adhesives; photoinitiators, dental; polymerization; curing lights dental e suas respectivas traduções para o idioma português, disponíveis na biblioteca Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH). Discussão: Observou-se que existem fotopolimerizadores no mercado que diferem quanto ao tipo de luz, potência e intensidade. Para assegurar uma efetiva polimerização dos materiais resinosos e uma durabilidade clínica dos procedimentos restauradores, o uso dos aparelhos fotopolimerizadores com diferentes espectros de luz dependem do tipo de fotoiniciador presente na matriz resinosa. Considerações finais: Concluiu-se que é de suma importância o desenvolvimento dos aparelhos fotoativadores, compostos fotoiniciadores e materiais resinosos, no intuito de uma maior longevidade clínica dos procedimentos restauradores realizados.  Introduction: When faults occur in the polymerization process, the resinous material undergoes structural changes, such as lower wear resistance, organic matrix degradation, infiltration and water absorption. Several types of light-curing devices have been launched in the market, in order to allow different methods of photoactivation. It is of utmost importance to know which curing light should be used for the type of photoinitiator composed in the resinous material. Objective: The objective of this literature review is to analyze different curing light and photoinitiators for polymerization of composite resins. Methodology: The literature review included a search in national and international online scientific databases, using articles published since 2008, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, using the descriptors light curing of dental adhesives; photoinitiators, dental; polymerization; curing lights dental and their respective translations into Portuguese, available from the Medical Subjects Headings (MeSH) library. Discussion: There are curing lights in the market with which they differ in light type, power and intensity. To ensure an effective polymerization of the resinous materials and a clinical durability of the restorative procedures, the light type of the curing lights depend on the type of photoinitiator being used. Final considerations: It is concluded that the development of photoactivating devices, photoinitiating compounds and resinous materials is of paramount importance, aiming at a greater clinical longevity of the restorative procedures performed

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora