Evaluation of an alternative technique to optimize direct bonding of orthodontic brackets to temporary crowns

OBJECTIVE: To compare shear bond strength of different direct bonding techniques of orthodontic brackets to acrylic resin surfaces.METHODS: The sample comprised 64 discs of chemically activated acrylic resin (CAAR) randomly divided into four groups: discs in group 1 were bonded by means of light-cured composite resin (conventional adhesive); discs in group 2 had surfaces roughened with a diamond bur followed by conventional direct bonding by means of light-cured composite resin; discs in group 3 were bonded by means of CAAR (alternative adhesive); and discs in group 4 had surfaces roughened with a diamond bur followed by direct bonding by means of CAAR. Shear bond strength values were determined after 24 hours by means of a universal testing machine at a speed of 0.5 mm/min, and compared by analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Tukey test. Adhesive remnant index (ARI) was measured and compared among groups by means of Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests.RESULTS: Groups 3 and 4 had significantly greater shear bond strength values in comparison to groups 1 and 2. Groups 3 and 4 yielded similar results. Group 2 showed better results when compared to group 1. In ARI analyses, groups 1 and 2 predominantly exhibited a score equal to 0, whereas groups 3 and 4 predominantly exhibited a score equal to 3.CONCLUSIONS: Direct bonding of brackets to acrylic resin surfaces using CAAR yielded better results than light-cured composite resin. Surface preparation with diamond bur only increased shear bond strength in group 2

The occurrence of Enterobacteria in marine shrimp farming systems in the coast of Piaui, Brazil

ABSTRACT. Fialho R.C.J., Calvet R.M., Pereira M.M.G., Costa A.P.R., Monte A.M., Santos Y.F.M. & Muratori M.C.S. [The occurrence of Enterobacteria in marine shrimp farming systems in the coast of Piaui, Brazil.] Ocorrência de enterobactérias em sistemas de carcinicultura marinha do litoral do Piauí, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(1):60-64, 2014. Departamento de Morfofisiologia Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Campus de Socopo, Teresina, PI 64039-550, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] The objective this work we evaluated the sanitary-hygienic conditions of the production system used in different farms of shrimp culture from the coast Piauí. The identification of Salmonella spp., the enumeration of coliforms at 37º C and Escherichia coli in water samples, shrimp and ration, were evaluated. The results for coliform at 37ºC and E. coli in the water samples of different stages of cultivation were similar regardless the location of sampling. Salmonella spp. was isolated in two water and shrimp samples from the farm “B”. These results indicated that this production system lead to presence of pathogenic enterobacterias. Coliforms nor Salmonella spp. were not detected in the ration samples. The amount of coliform at 35ºC and at 45ºC demonstrated that the nurseries are in good sanitary-hygienic conditions. The productive management used by the operators shrimp of Piauí is similar in all stages of cultivating and the environment are contaminated with coliform and E. coli in shrimps and water. The management system used in the shrimp culture favors the presence of Salmonella sp. in shrimps and waters of the nurseries, but does not favor the increasing of coliform and E. coli in the effluent. The ration used in crops are not a source of contamination of nurseries by coliform and E. coli

Analisando as pesquisas em educação especial no Brasil Analysing research in special education in Brazil

Nosso objetivo foi examinar a articulação lógica entre o problema e a proposição teórico-metodológica das produções na área da Educação Especial, focando os seus pressupostos epistemológicos. Nos fundamentamos nos pressupostos das tendências empírico-analítica, fenomenológica-hermenêutica, crítico-dialética e do paradigma da complexidade. O procedimento adotado foi interpretar todas as dissertações/teses produzidas nos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação e Educação Especial do Brasil, que versam sobre Educação Especial, produzidas nos anos de 2001, 2002 e 2003, disponíveis no banco de teses da CAPES. Encontramos as tendências empírica, fenomenológica e dialética. Os equívocos encontrados foram a não inserção da pesquisa entre as produções na área; ausência de criticidade; não posicionamento numa determinada concepção de educação; construção teórica fundamentada em concepções diferentes; falta de coerência nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos; não explicitação metodológica; não descrição dos procedimentos éticos; e má elaboração dos resumos. Concluímos pela necessidade da melhoria das dissertações/teses para que possamos avançar na produção de conhecimento na área da Educação Especial.<br>Our objective was to analyze the logical articulation between the problem and the theoretical-methodological proposal of studies in the field of Special Education, focusing on the epistemological issues. We based our study on the empiric-analytical tendencies, phenomenology-hermeneutic, critical-dialectical and the complexity paradigm. The procedure that was adopted was interpreting all dissertations/thesis produced in Post-Graduate programs in Education and Special Education in Brazil, which focus on Special Education, produced in 2001, 2002 and 2003, available online at CAPES' thesis database. We found empirical, phenomenological and dialectic tendencies. The errors encountered included the failure to include the research among the productions in the field; lack of critical approach; lack of making explicit what educational conception the study was based on; theoretical construction based on different conceptions; lack of coherence in the theoretical-methodological proposals; lack of methodological specification; absence of ethical procedural descriptions; and poorly written abstracts. We came to the conclusion that improvements in theses /dissertations are necessary so as to continually move forward in the production of knowledge in the field of Special Education