The Biopsychosocial Sphere of Women Victims of Violence: A Systematic Review

Objetivo: identificar la contribución de la investigación desarrollada a una esfera biopsicosocial de mujeres víctimas de violencia y el significado atribuido a estas experiencias en sus vidas. Método: revisión integradora realizada en las bases de datos MEDLINE / PubMed y LILACS, que cubre los años de 2009 a 2015. Resultados: se seleccionaron y analizaron 18 estudios, con los criterios de selección siendo las razones dadas por las mujeres para permanecer con un compañero violento, las razones para no buscar ayuda para romper el ciclo de violencia o el significado atribuido a esta experiencia en sus vidas, incluyendo el significado religioso, ético y moral, así como el sufrimiento derivado de la experiencia. Discusión: las intervenciones llevadas a cabo en las instituciones de salud permiten el desarrollo de estratificaciones para hacer frente a este problema. Una denuncia presentada por una esposa contra su atacante demuestra una ruptura temprana en el ciclo de violencia. Conclusión: los resultados evidencian aspectos que pueden ayudar a mejorar la calidad de la salud de estas mujeres y muestran la importancia de la investigación para apoyar las prácticas en el cuidado de las mujeres víctimas de la violencia

Sesquiterpene lactones of Moquiniastrum polymorphum subsp. floccosum have antineoplastic effects in Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats

Background and aim: This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo antitumor actions and toxicity of the dichloromethane fraction (F1B) of Moquiniastrum polymorphum subsp. floccosum (formerly Gochnatia polymorpha ssp. floccosa), composed of sesquiterpene lactones, against Walker-256 carcinosarcoma in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats received 100 mg kg-1 F1B per day orally for 16 days after subcutaneous inoculation of Walker-256 cells in the pelvic limb. The tumor progression was monitored, and after treatment, tumor weight, oxidative stress, plasma biochemistry, inflammatory parameters, gene expression and histology of tumor and/or liver were evaluated. The toxicity of F1B was analyzed through the relative weight of organs. Additionally, an LD50 test was performed in mice. Results: F1B treatment significantly reduced tumor volume and weight. There was no difference in oxidative stress in tumor tissue after treatment. F1B treatment modified hepatic glutathione and superoxide dismutase, and normalized plasma glucose, alkaline phosphatase, and amylase. F1B did not affect the activity of myeloperoxidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase or the nitric oxide levels in tumor tissue. However, F1B decreased the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. Additionally, F1B increased apoptosis in the tumor, mediated by up-regulation of the p53 and Bax gene expression. No clinical signs of toxicity or death were observed in the rats treated with F1B. The LD50 calculated for mice was 1209 mg kg-1. Conclusions: F1B, which is rich in sesquiterpene lactones, showed antitumor activity against Walker-256 carcinosarcoma. This effect may be, at least in part, related to the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of TNF-α signaling

HPLC results.

<p>(A) Chromatogram of the BuOH fraction of <i>U. tomentosa</i> showing phenolic compounds, including proanthocyanidins in the region between 50 and 60 minutes. (B) Chromatogram of the CHCl₃ fraction of <i>U. tomentosa</i>. The following compounds were tentatively identified as 1- speciophylline; 2- uncarine F; 3- mitraphyline; 4- isomitraphyline; 5- pteropodine and 6- isopteropodine by comparison with data from the literature.</p

Biochemical parameters measured in the plasma of Walker-256 tumour-bearing rats treated during 14 days with BHE <i>U. tomentosa</i> extract or its two fractions BuOH and CHCl₃.

<p>Symbols: *<i>p</i><0.05 and **<i>p</i><0.01 as compared to the control group;</p>##<p><i>p</i><0.01 and ^###<i>p</i><0.001 as compared to the baseline group;</p><p>°<i>p</i><0.05 and °°<i>p</i><0.01 as compared to the CHCl₃ fraction.</p