342 research outputs found

    Knochenneubildung und Knochendefektheilung durch den rekombinanten humanen Wachstumsfaktor Osteogenic Protein-1 (BMP-7)

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    Die Behandlung ausgedehnter knöcherner Substanzdefekte stellt in der Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie sowie auch in der OrthopĂ€die nach wie vor ein nur unbefriedigend gelöstes Problem dar. Die Transplantation autogener Spongiosa wie auch die Kallusdistraktion als derzeitge Standardverfahren sind mit erheblichen verfahrensimmantenten Nachteilen verbunden, so daß seit Jahrzehnten nach geeigneten Alternativen gesucht wird. Durch die Methoden der Gentechnologie eröffnete sich schließlich die Möglichkeit, osteoinduktive Wachstumsfaktoren kommerziell herzustellen und therapeutisch einzusetzen, wobei sich im Kleintierversuch das rekombinante humane Osteogenic Protein-1 (Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7) bereits als sehr vielversprechend erwiesen hat. Allerdings spiegelten die verwendeten Versuchsmodelle bisher keine der Humansituation vergleichbaren klinisch-realistischen Problemdefekte wieder. Anhand eines ĂŒberkritischen Extremmodells sollte daher in der vorliegenden Studie versucht werden, die Möglichkeiten bzw. Grenzen des klinischen Einsatzes von rekombinantem humanem Osteogenic Protein-1 als Bestandteil von Bioimplantaten zur ÜberbrĂŒckung langstreckiger segmentaler Knochendefekte aufzuzeigen. Um die KonkurrenzfĂ€higkeit des Wachstumsfaktors gegenĂŒber den Standard-verfahren zu beschreiben diente als relevanter Parameter die Knochenneubildung in qualitativer, quantitativer und zeitlicher Hinsicht. Dabei sollte der getestete Wachstumsfaktor zumindest vergleichbare oder bessere Ergebnisse erzielen als das Standardverfahren der autogenen Spongiosatransplantation. Um eventuelle Unterschiede der Verfahren möglichst deutlich erkennen zu können wurde gezielt eine ĂŒberkritische Defektsituation gewĂ€hlt, in der auch durch aufwĂ€ndige autogene Spongiosatransplantation keine regelmĂ€ĂŸige Ausheilung mehr erzielt werden kann. Dazu wurde bei insgesamt 15 weiblichen Merinoschafen an der linken Tibia ein 5,0 cm langer segmentaler Knochendefekt mit einem Defektvolumen von 20 ml geschaffen und mit einem aufgebohrten Marknagel unter einer beabsichtigten RotationsinstabilitĂ€t von 10° osteosynthetisch versorgt. Der Defekt wurde mit folgenden Implantaten aufgefĂŒllt: In Gruppe 1 mit 5 mg Osteogenic Protein-1 kombiniert mit inaktivierter demineralisierter Knochenmatrix als KollagentrĂ€ger, in Gruppe 2 mit autogener Spongiosa und in Gruppe 3 nur mit inaktivierter demineralisierter Knochenmatrix zum Ausschluß bzw. zur Beurteilung einer eventuellen EigenaktivitĂ€t des KollagentrĂ€gers. Die Auswertung erfolgte anhand von seriellen Röntgenverlaufskontrollen im Abstand von 2 Wochen bis zum Versuchsende nach 12 Wochen, anschließender quantitativer Bestimmung der Knochenneubildung innerhalb des Defektbereiches durch 3D-CT-Volumetrie, biomechanischer Testung im 4-Punkt-Biegeversuch sowie durch unentkalkte Knochenhistologie und Histomorphometrie mittels Mikroradiographie. In den Röntgenverlaufskontrollen zeigten vier von fĂŒnf mit Osteogenic Protein-1 behandelten Versuchstieren deutliche Anzeichen einer Implantat-induzierten Knochenneubildung innerhalb des Defektbereiches, allerdings konnte 12 Wochen postoperativ lediglich in zwei von fĂŒnf FĂ€llen der Defekt als ausreichend ĂŒberbrĂŒckt und damit als geheilt bezeichnet werden. Nach Transplantation von autogener Spongiosa kam es in allen vier FĂ€llen zu einer DefektĂŒberbrĂŒckung bis hin zur knöchernen Defektkonsolidierung in ebenfalls zwei FĂ€llen. Durch Implantation der TrĂ€gersubstanz alleine konnte keine DefektĂŒberbrĂŒckung erzielt werden. Im zeitlichen Verlauf der Knochenneubildung zeigten sich keine relevanten Unterschiede. AuffĂ€llig war dagegen eine mitunter erhebliche Dislokation des osteoinduktiven Implantates aus dem Defektbereich heraus mit Entwicklung ausgeprĂ€gter heterotoper Ossifikationen in vier von fĂŒnf FĂ€llen nach Implantation von Osteogenic Protein-1. Dieser Effekt konnte in den anderen Gruppen nicht beobachtet werden. WĂ€hrend in der Auswertung des Röntgenverlaufs somit durch Implantation von Osteogenic Protein-1 annĂ€hernd gleich gute Resultate hinsichtlich der qualitativen DefektĂŒberbrĂŒckung im zeitlichen Verlauf erzielt werden konnten wie durch autogene Spongiosatransplantation, so zeigte sich in der quantitativen Knochenvolumen-bestimmung innerhalb des Defektbereiches mittels 3D-CT-Scan eine eindeutige Überlegenheit der autogenen Spongiosatransplantation gegenĂŒber der Implantation des Wachstumsfaktors. Durch autogene Spongiosatransplantation wurde mit durchschnittlich 21,45 9,20 ml mehr als doppelt so viel neuer Knochen gebildet als durch Osteogenic Protein-1 (durchschnittlich 9,35 2,48 ml). Durch den Einsatz von Osteogenic Protein-1 konnte aber immerhin um 50% mehr neuer Knochen gebildet werden als durch die TrĂ€gersubstanz alleine (6,28 1,94 ml). Das primĂ€re Einbringen von mineralischer Substanz bei autogener Spongiosatransplantation scheint dabei keinen Einfluß auf eine falsch-positive Verzerrung der Ergebnisse zu haben, da die Relationen der Fraktionen unterschiedlich dichten Knochens dabei in allen Gruppen vergleichbar waren. Das vermeintlich relativ gute Ergebnis nach Implantation der TrĂ€gersubstanz alleine ist durch die Miterfassung der Defektkanten und der von diesen ausgehenden Spontanregeneration zu erklĂ€ren. Biomechanisch konnten alle vier Tibiae nach Spongiosatransplantation und eine mit Osteogenic Protein-1 behandelte Tibia untersucht werden. Dabei reflektierten alle getesteten Tibiae lediglich Charakteristika bindegewebig organisierter Pseudarthrosen mit einer relativen Bruchlast von 9,6-18,4 % gegenĂŒber der jeweiligen unversehrten kontralateralen Tibia. In der Kontrollgruppe (nur KollagentrĂ€ger) war keine operierte Tibia ausreichend stabil fĂŒr die biomechanische Auswertung. Histologisch zeigten sich in der FĂ€rbung nach Laczko-Levai im Gruppenvergleich keine qualitativen Unterschiede des neu gebildeten Knochens. In allen FĂ€llen handelte es sich um noch ungerichteten Geflechtknochen mit allen typischen Bestandteilen. In der Alizarin-Toluidin-FĂ€rbung sowie in der FĂ€rbung nach Laczko-Levai war bei vier von fĂŒnf mit Osteogenic Protein-1 behandelten Versuchstieren eine lokalisations-abhĂ€ngige Ausbildung von gelenktypischem Knorpelgewebe am Interface zwischen Marknagel und neu gebildetem Knochen auffĂ€llig. Dieser neugebildete Knorpel fand sich nur an Lokalisationen, wo in unmittelbarer NĂ€he auch neuer Knochen gebildet wurde. Wie bei einer regelrechten synovialen GelenkflĂ€che befand sich der neugebildete Knorpel an der OberflĂ€che zum mobilen Marknagel hin und stand ĂŒber eine subchondrale Platte in fester Verbindung mit dem darunter liegenden simultan gebildeten Knochen. Dieser Effekt konnte in den anderen beiden Gruppen jeweils nur in einem Fall und auch nur in deutlich geringerem Ausmaß beobachtet werden. Dieses in der vorliegenden Studie beobachtete PhĂ€nomen einer simultanen Knochen- und Knorpelbildung durch rekombinantes humanes OP-1 in AbhĂ€ngigkeit einer unterschiedlich ausgeprĂ€gten mechanischen Belastungsstruktur wurde bislang noch nicht im Rahmen eines extraartikulĂ€ren Modells beschrieben. Mikroradiographisch wurden im Gruppenvergleich ebenfalls keine qualitativen Unterschiede des neu gebildeten Knochens festgestellt. Die quantitativen Messungen korrelieren gut mit denen der 3D-CT-Volumetrie. In allen Gruppen erfolgte die Knochenneubildung ferner erwartungsgemĂ€ĂŸ lokalisationsabhĂ€ngig verstĂ€rkt im ersatzstarken Lager. Zusammenfassend kann dem rekombinanten humanen Wachstumsfaktor Osteogenic Protein-1 auch im großen segmentalen Problemdefekt eine ausgeprĂ€gte lokale osteogenetische Potenz zugeschrieben werden, allerdings erscheint eine humanmedizinische Anwendung der gegenwĂ€rtig angebotenen Applikationsform im langstreckigen segmentalen KontinuitĂ€tsdefekt der lasttragenden unteren ExtremitĂ€t aufgrund noch ungelöster Probleme hinsichtlich Applikation, Dislokation, Dosierung und Releasing aus der TrĂ€gersubstanz derzeit noch nicht gerechtfertigt. Diese Studie zeigt aber ferner, daß Osteogenic Protein-1 bei entsprechenden biochemischen und insbesondere biomechanischen Milieubedingungen das Potential zur Generierung von gelenktypischem Knorpel haben kann. Interessant erscheint dabei vor allem die wohl von der lokal unterschiedlichen Belastungsstruktur abhĂ€ngige simultane Induktion sowohl von Knochen- als auch von Knorpelgewebe durch Osteogenic Protein-1. Damit eröffnet sich ein weiteres Forschungsfeld im Zusammenhang mit diesem Wachstumsfaktor im Hinblick auf die Regeneration von osteochondralen Defekten. Diese Tatsache bekrĂ€ftigt aber auch die unabdingbare Notwendigkeit einer stabilen Osteosynthese bei Anwendung von Osteogenic Protein-1 mit dem Ziel der reinen Osteoinduktion

    Barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of multi-disciplinary care pathways in primary care: a systematic review

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    Background: Care pathways (CPWs) are complex interventions that have the potential to reduce treatment errors and optimize patient outcomes by translating evidence into local practice. To design an optimal implementation strategy, potential barriers to and facilitators of implementation must be considered. The objective of this systematic review is to identify barriers to and facilitators of the implementation of CPWs in primary care (PC). Methods: A systematic search via Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and MEDLINE via PubMed supplemented by hand searches and citation tracing was carried out. We considered articles reporting on CPWs targeting patients at least 65 years of age in outpatient settings that were written in the English or German language and were published between 2007 and 2019. We considered (non-)randomized controlled trials, controlled before-after studies, interrupted time series studies (main project reports) as well as associated process evaluation reports of either methodology. Two independent researchers performed the study selection; the data extraction and critical appraisal were duplicated until the point of perfect agreement between the two reviewers. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, a narrative synthesis was performed. Results: Fourteen studies (seven main project reports and seven process evaluation reports) of the identified 8154 records in the search update were included in the synthesis. The structure and content of the interventions as well as the quality of evidence of the studies varied. The identified barriers and facilitators were classified using the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions framework. The identified barriers were inadequate staffing, insufficient education, lack of financial compensation, low motivation and lack of time. Adequate skills and knowledge through training activities for health professionals, good multi-disciplinary communication and individual tailored interventions were identified as facilitators. Conclusions: In the implementation of CPWs in PC, a multitude of barriers and facilitators must be considered, and most of them can be modified through the careful design of intervention and implementation strategies. Furthermore, process evaluations must become a standard component of implementing CPWs to enable other projects to build upon previous experience

    Syndesmotic Internal Braceℱ for anatomic distal tibiofibular ligament augmentation

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    Reconstruction of unstable syndesmotic injuries is not trivial, and there is no generally accepted treatment guidelines. Thus, there still remain considerable controversies regarding diagnosis, classification and treatment of syndesmotic injuries. Syndesmotic malreduction is the most common indication for early re-operation after ankle fracture surgery, and widening of the ankle mortise by only 1 mm decreases the contact area of the tibiotalar joint by 42%. Outcome of ankle fractures with syndesmosis injury is worse than without, even after surgical syndesmotic stabilization. This may be due to a high incidence of syndesmotic malreduction revealed by increasing postoperative computed tomography controls. Therefore, even open visualization of the syndesmosis during the reduction maneuver has been recommended. Thus, the most important clinical predictor of outcome is consistently reported as accuracy of anatomic reduction of the injured syndesmosis. In this context the TightRopeÂź system is reported to have advantages compared to classical syndesmotic screws. However, rotational instability of the distal fibula cannot be safely limited by use of 1 or even 2 TightRopesÂź. Therefore, we developed a new syndesmotic InternalBraceTM technique for improved anatomic distal tibiofibular ligament augmentation to protect healing of the injured native ligaments. The InternalBraceTM technique was developed by Gordon Mackay from Scotland in 2012 using SwiveLocksÂź for knotless aperture fixation of a FiberTapeÂź at the anatomic footprints of the augmented ligaments, and augmentation of the anterior talofibular ligament, the deltoid ligament, the spring ligament and the medial collateral ligaments of the knee have been published so far. According to the individual injury pattern, patients can either be treated by the new syndesmotic InternalBraceTM technique alone as a single anterior stabilization, or in combination with one posteriorly directed TightRopeÂź as a double stabilization, or in combination with one TightRopeÂź and a posterolateral malleolar screw fixation as a triple stabilization. Moreover, the syndesmotic InternalBraceTM technique is suitable for anatomic refixation of displaced bony avulsion fragments too small for screw fixation and for indirect reduction of small posterolateral tibial avulsion fragments by anatomic reduction of the anterior syndesmosis with an InternalBraceTM after osteosynthesis of the distal fibula. In this paper, comprehensively illustrated clinical examples show that anatomic reconstruction with rotational stabilization of the syndesmosis can be realized by use of our new syndesmotic InternalBraceTM technique. A clinical trial for evaluation of the functional outcomes has been started at our hospital

    The value of arthroscopy in the treatment of complex ankle fractures - a protocol of a randomised controlled trial

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    Background: An anatomical reconstruction of the ankle congruity is the important prerequisite in the operative treatment of acute ankle fractures. Despite anatomic restoration patients regularly suffer from residual symptoms after these fractures. There is growing evidence, that a poor outcome is related to the concomitant traumatic intra-articular pathology. By supplementary ankle arthroscopy anatomic reduction can be confirmed and associated intra-articular injuries can be treated. Nevertheless, the vast majority of complex ankle fractures are managed by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) only. Up to now, the effectiveness of arthroscopically assisted fracture treatment (AORIF) has not been conclusively determined. Therefore, a prospective randomised study is needed to sufficiently evaluate the effect of AORIF compared to ORIF in complex ankle fractures. Methods/design: We perform a randomised controlled trial at Munich University Clinic enrolling patients (18-65 years) with an acute ankle fracture (AO 44 A2, A3, B2, B3, C1 - C3 according to AO classification system). Patients meeting the inclusion criteria are randomised to either intervention group (AORIF, n = 37) or comparison group (ORIF, n = 37). Exclusion criteria are fractures classified as AO type 44 A1 or B1, pilon or plafond-variant injury or open fractures. Primary outcome is the AOFAS Score (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society). Secondary outcome parameter are JSSF Score (Japanese Society of Surgery of the Foot), Olerud and Molander Score, Karlsson Score, Tegner Activity Scale, SF-12, radiographic analysis, arthroscopic findings of intra-articular lesions, functional assessments, time to return to work/sports and complications. This study protocol is accordant to the SPIRIT 2013 recommendation. Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS 22.0 (IBM). Discussion: The subjective and functional outcome of complex ankle fractures is regularly unsatisfying. As these injuries are very common it is essential to improve the postoperative results. Potentially, arthroscopically assisted fracture treatment can significantly improve the outcome by addressing the intra-articular pathologies. Given the absolute lack of studies comparing AORIF to ORIF in complex ankle fractures, this randomised controlled trail is urgently needed to evaluate the effectiveness of additional arthroscopy

    Expression of oestrogen and progesterone receptors in low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas

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    We analysed oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in a retrospective series of 21 low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (LGSSs). Archival formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded material was analysed by immunohistochemistry. ER and PR were measured with monoclonal antibodies and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method and a score was calculated as for breast carcinoma based on both the percentage of positive tumour cell nuclei and the staining intensity. ER were seen in 15 (71%) and PR in 20 (95%) of tumours respectively. ER expression was scored as high in three (14%), moderate in four (19%), and low in eight (38%) tumours. Six (29%) tumours did not stain for ER and all of these were positive for PR. PR expression was scored as high in eight (38%), moderate in ten (47%) and weak in two (10%) LGSSs. Only one (5%) LGSS did not stain for PR (this tumour was positive for ER). ER and PR expression in LGSS is heterogeneous. This may have implications for hormone therapy in the management of these tumours. These results suggest that ER and PR should be routinely quantified in LGSSs by immunohistochemical methods. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaig

    The influence of knee position on ankle dorsiflexion - a biometric study

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    Background: Musculus gastrocnemius tightness (MGT) can be diagnosed by comparing ankle dorsiflexion (ADF) with the knee extended and flexed. Although various measurement techniques exist, the degree of knee flexion needed to eliminate the effect of the gastrocnemius on ADF is still unknown. The aim of this study was to identify the minimal degree of knee flexion required to eliminate the restricting effect of the musculus gastrocnemius on ADF. Methods: Bilateral ADF of 20 asymptomatic volunteers aged 18-40 years (50% female) was assessed prospectively at six different degrees of knee flexion (0 degrees, 20 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, Lunge). Tests were performed following a standardized protocol, non weightbearing and weightbearing, by two observers. Statistics comprised of descriptive statistics, t-tests, repeated measurement ANOVA and ICC. Results: 20 individuals with a mean age of 27 +/- 4 years were tested. No significant side to side differences were observed. The average ADF [95% confidence interval] for non weightbearing was 4 degrees{[}1 degrees-8 degrees] with the knee extended and 20 degrees [16 degrees-24 degrees] for the knee 75 flexed. Mean weightbearing ADF was 25 degrees[22 degrees-28 degrees] for the knee extended and 39 degrees[36 degrees-42 degrees] for the knee 75 degrees flexed. The mean differences between 20 degrees knee flexion and full extension were 15 degrees[12 degrees-18 degrees] non weightbearing and 13 degrees[11 degrees-16 degrees] weightbearing. Significant differences of ADF were only found between full extension and 20 degrees of knee flexion. Further knee flexion did not increase ADF. Conclusion: Knee flexion of 20 degrees fully eliminates the ADF restraining effect of the gastrocnemius. This knowledge is essential to design a standardized clinical examination assessing MGT

    Improving mobility and participation of older people with vertigo, dizziness and balance disorders in primary care using a care pathway: feasibility study and process evaluation

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    BACKGROUND Community-dwelling older people are frequently affected by vertigo, dizziness and balance disorders (VDB). We previously developed a care pathway (CPW) to improve their mobility and participation by offering standardized approaches for general practitioners (GPs) and physical therapists (PTs). We aimed to assess the feasibility of the intervention, its implementation strategy and the study procedures in preparation for the subsequent main trial. METHODS This 12-week prospective cohort feasibility study was accompanied by a process evaluation designed according to the UK Medical Research Council's Guidance for developing and evaluating complex interventions. Patients with VDB (≄65 years), GPs and PTs in primary care were included. The intervention consisted of a diagnostic screening checklist for GPs and a guide for PTs. The implementation strategy included specific educational trainings and a telephone helpline. Data for mixed-method process evaluation were collected via standardized questionnaires, field notes and qualitative interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, qualitative data using content analysis. RESULTS A total of five GP practices (seven single GPs), 10 PT practices and 22 patients were included in the study. The recruitment of GPs and patients was challenging (response rates: GP practices: 28%, PT practices: 39%). Ninety-one percent of the patients and all health professionals completed the study. The health professionals responded well to the educational trainings; the utilization of the telephone helpline was low (one call each from GPs and PTs). Familiarisation with the routine of application of the intervention and positive attitudes were emphasized as facilitators of the implementation of the intervention, whereas a lack of time was mentioned as a barrier. Despite difficulties in the GPs' adherence to the intervention protocol, the GPs, PTs and patients saw benefit in the intervention. The patients' treatment adherence to physical therapy was good. There were minor issues in data collection, but no unintended consequences. CONCLUSION Although the process evaluation provided good support for the feasibility of study procedures, the intervention and its implementation strategy, we identified a need for improvement in recruitment of participants, the GP intervention part and the data collection procedures. The findings will inform the main trial to test the interventions effectiveness in a cluster RCT. TRIAL REGISTRATION Projektdatenbank Versorgungsforschung Deutschland (German registry Health Services Research) VfD_MobilE-PHY_17_003910, date of registration: 30.11.2017; Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (German Clinical Trials Register) DRKS00022918, date of registration: 03.09.2020 (retrospectively registered)
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