NILAI RETENSI NITROGEN DAN ENERGI METABOLIS RANSUM MENGGUNAKAN DAUN MURBEI (Morus alba) SEGAR PADA BROILER

NITROGEN RETENTION AND METABOLIZABLE ENERGY OF MULBERRY (Morus alba) FRESH LEAVES IN DIET OF BROILERS. The study was determine to evaluate the effect of Mulberry (Morus alba) fresh leaves in diet on nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen of broilers. A total of 20 birds at age of 6 weeks old were used for 7 days of preliminary period and 3 days of data collection period using a completely randomized design with four treatments and five replications. The dietary treatment was including levels of 0, 2, 4, and 6% of fressh mulberry leaves in the diets. The variables were nitrogen retention (NR) and metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn). Results showed that there were significant differences (P˂0.05) among treatments for NR and highly significant differences (P˂0.01) among treatments for AMEn. Analysis of variance for NR showed that there was no significant difference between R0 (89.81%) and R1 (85.97%) of diets. Similarly, there was no significant difference between R1 (85.97), R2 (84.51%) and R3 (84.09%) of diets. The values of AMEn showed that R0 diet had significant difference with those of R1 (3517.80 Kcal/Kg), R2 (3451.73 Kcal/Kg) and R3 (3360.90 Kcal/Kg). However, between R1, R2, and R3 had no significant differences. The results suggested the experiments of mulberry fresh leaves in level up to 6% can be used as an alternatives feedstuff of broiler diet based on nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen. Key  words: broiler, murbei leaves, nitrogen retention and metabolic energy corrected nitroge

MANFAAT DAUN LAMTORO (Leucaena leucocephala DALAM PAKAN AYAM PEDAGING DIUKUR DARI PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI

PERFORMANCE OF BROILERS FED THE LAMTORO (LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA) LEAF MEAL IN THE DIETS. The utilization of lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) leaf meal (LLM) in broiler diets was investigated employing 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% levels substituted to the based diet (control). In this experiment, 100 birds were randomly allocated into five groups of treatments. Each treatment was repeated into four replications with five birds per each replication. The five dietary treatments were allotted to the birds in a completely randomized design. The birds were fed experimental finisher diets. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. Effect of LLM inclusion up 20% on feed intake (g),  live weight gain (g) and feed conversion did not differ significantly  (P ˃ 0.05).  It may be inferred from these experiments that LLM  up to 20% can safely be substituted to broiler based diet.Keywords: Lamtoro leaf, broiler, performanc

Analysis of Income on the Partnership Program-based Broiler Business in Regency of North Minahasa, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

The partnership program-based broiler farming business (main-plasma), located in Regency of North, Province of North Sulawesi, Indonesia is performed due to the limit of capital, skill, market access and lack of ability in projecting fluctuated market demand. In addition, Covid-19 pandemic has provenly affected broiler farming business, showed by declining broiler’s demand and production, particularly on the decreasing income of farmers. Hence, the objective of this research is to examine if it is there is a difference among total of DOC (Day-Old Chick) input, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality rate, weight of harvest, raising period, and harvest time, pre- and during Covid-19 pandemic, and analyze some impacts of the existing Covid-19 pandemic and some different variables on the income of the partnership program-based broiler farming business. Technically, the purposive sampling was employed as the sampling method in selecting districts, villages, and farmers. Then, data was analyzed by the paired t-test sample using SPSS 22 and multiple-regression analysis by E-views 11 program. As the result, the paired t-test sample shows that variable of income, total of DOC (Day-Old Chick), FCR, mortality rate, rate of broiler’s weight, raising period, and harvest time in pre- and during Covid-19 pandemic was significantly different, where the value of Sig. (2-tailed) was < 0.05, while, the variable of total of DOC and raising period had significantly positive impact on income, variable of FCR and harvest time had significantly negative impact on farmer’s income. Variable of dummy pandemic could decrease farmer’s income in the partnership program-based broiler farming business; however, it was unimportant

PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG MANURE HASIL DEGRADASI LARVA LALAT HITAM (Hermetia Illucens L) TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM KAMPUNG FASE LAYER

UTILIZATION OF MANURE DEGRADED BY BLACKFLIES LARVAE (HERMETIA ILLUCENS L) ON THE PERFORMANCE OF LAYING NATIVE CHICKEN. Native chicken is one of the livestocks that have been widely used for source of protein. It has already been maintained everywhere in Indonesia. Native chickens is widely kept for eggs because it contains good nutrients for human beings. One of the source of rations for native chicken is manure flour from the degradation of the blackflies larvae (MHD flour). This feed material contains a good nutritional value for this chicken. In this study the results of the degradation of manure blackflies larvae processed into flour and added into the rations with the aim to know the consumption of rations, egg production and rations conversion of native chicken. 40 native chickens females aged 56 weeks had been used.Baterry system cages of 50x50x75 cm in size was used to kept the native chickes. Placement of chicken in each unit was done randomly. A randomized complete design (RAL) with 4 treatment and 5 replications was used as design methods (Steel and Torrie, 1991). Each replication using native chickens age 56 weeks with the following treatments: R0 = 0% flour MHD: R1 = 5% flour MHD: R2 = 10% flour MHD: R3 = 15% flour MHD. The variable measured is the sum of rations consumption, egg production and rations conversion. The results obtained showed that there was highly significant difference (P 0.05) between treatmens and rations conversion. It can be concluded that as much as 15% of the MHDcan be used in chicken rations. Keywords: Native Chicken, Black Flies, MHD flour

PENAMBAHAN DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) SEBAGAI “ADDITIVE” DALAM AIR MINUM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER

UTILIZATION OF “GEDI LEAF (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) AS“ADDITIVE” IN DRINKING WATER RELATED TO THE PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN SUPER NATIVE CHICKEN. Research was done to evaluate the performance of Indonesian super native chicken treated with “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) as“Additive” in drinking water. Study was conducted using hundred individuals of the Indonesian super native day old chicken. The juice of “Gedi” leaf (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) was given as in forms of the four treatments as follows, drinking water without “Gedi” leaf as control (P0), drinking water with 10 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P1), drinking water with 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P2), and drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3). Treatments were applied to the birds at 6 weeks old by completely randomized design five replications at each treatment. Data were taken during 5 weeks. Feeds were using 73 percents of commercial feed added by 10 percents of corn and 17 percents of rice bran with nutritional composition of crude protein 19.49 percents, crude fiber 4.66 percents, fat 3.63 percents, Calcium 1.02 percents, Phosphorus 0.66 percents and metabolic energy of 2920 kcal/kg, all given ad libitum. Variables measurement were focused on feed consumption, drinking water consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion. Results showed that drinking water with 30 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water (P3) was not significantly different with other treatments for feed and drinking water consumption, except for average daily gain and feed conversion. The treatments of P1 and P2 were not significantly different for average daily gain, but these treatments were higher in average daily gain compared with control (P0). The highest value of feed conversion was obtained at treatment P3 and the lowest value was found at treatment P1. These values indicated that the best feed conversion was treatment P1. Therefore, it can be concluded that juice of “Gedi” leaf can be used as the alternative additive feed in drinking water up to 20 ml juice of “Gedi” leaf per liter of drinking water in term of high average daily gain and feed conversion of Indonesian super native chicken. Key words: Drinking water, “Gedi” leaf, Indonesian super native chicken

Effect of Different Level of Energy and Crude Fiber From Sawdust in Diets on Carcass Quality of Broiler

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of different level of energy and crude fiber in diets containing sawdust on carcass quality of broilers. A total of 120 broilers were used for the research. The experiment utilized a completely randomized design in 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two dietary concentrations of energy and three dietary concentrations of crude fiber. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications (5 birds each) was reared during 35 days. The birds were housed in battery cages with ad libitum access to feed and water. During the experiment, feed intake, carcass yield, abdominal fat, blood LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were measured. Data were subjected to the analysis of variance test followed by least significant difference test (LSD). Results showed that the diet with 3,100 Kcal/kg ME and 11% crude fiber significantly decreased feed intake, abdominal fat percentage, and blood LDL-cholesterol, but did not affect final body weight and the value of blood HDL-cholesterol and had the good value of carcass percentage. The diets containing sawdust with higher level of energy content decreased feed intake and the higher level of crude fiber decreased final body weight, carcass percentage and abdominal fat. Optimum broiler performance and carcass quality was obtained by diet formulated to contain 3100 Kcal/kg ME and 11% crude fiber

Combined optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound radio frequency data analysis for plaque characterization. Classification accuracy of human coronary plaques in vitro

This study was performed to characterize coronary plaque types by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) radiofrequency (RF) data analysis, and to investigate the possibility of error reduction by combining these techniques. Intracoronary imaging methods have greatly enhanced the diagnostic capabilities for the detection of high-risk atherosclerotic plaques. IVUS RF data analysis and OCT are two techniques focusing on plaque morphology and composition. Regions of interest were selected and imaged with OCT and IVUS in 50 sections, from 14 human coronary arteries, sectioned post-mortem from 14 hearts of patients dying of non-cardiovascular causes. Plaques were classified based on IVUS RF data analysis (VH-IVUSTM), OCT and the combination of those. Histology was the benchmark. Imaging with both modalities and coregistered histology was successful in 36 sections. OCT correctly classified 24; VH-IVUS 25, and VH-IVUS/OCT combined, 27 out of 36 cross-sections. Systematic misclassifications in OCT were intimal thickening classified as fibroatheroma in 8 cross-sections. Misclassifications in VH-IVUS were mainly fibroatheroma as intimal thickening in 5 cross-sections. Typical image artifacts were found to affect the interpretation of OCT data, misclassifying intimal thickening as fibroatheroma or thin-cap fibroatheroma. Adding VH-IVUS to OCT reduced the error rate in this study

Smoking in relation to coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden, volume and composition on intravascular ultrasound

Background This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cigarette smoking and coronary atherosclerotic burden, volume and composition as determined in-vivo by grayscale and virtual histology (VH) intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). Methods and Results Between 2008 and 2011, (VH-)IVUS of a non-culprit coronary artery was performed in 581 patients undergoing coronary angiography. To account for differences in baseline characteristics, current smokers were matched to never smokers by age, gender and indication for catheterization, resulting in 280 patients available for further analysis. Coronary atherosclerotic plaque volume, burden, composition (fibrous, fibro-fatty, dense calcium and necrotic core) and high-risk lesions (VH-IVUS derived thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), plaque burden 70%, minimal luminal area 4.0 mm2) were assessed. Cigarette smoking showed a tendency towards higher coronary plaque burden (mean±SD, 38.6±12.5% in current versus 36.4±11.0%in never smokers, p = 0.080; and odds ratio (OR) of current smoking for plaque burden above versus below the median 1.69 (1.04-2.75), p = 0.033). This effect was driven by an association in patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (current smokers, plaque burden 38.3±12.8% versus never smokers, plaque burden 35.0±11.2%, p = 0.049; OR 1.88 (1.02-3.44), p = 0.042). Fibrous tissue tended to be lower in current smokers (mean±SD, 57.7±10.5% versus 60.4±12.6%, p = 0.050) and fibro-fatty tissue was higher in current smokers (median[IQR], 9.6[6.0-13.7]% versus 8.6[5.8-12.2]%, p = 0.039). However, differences in percentage necrotic core