23 research outputs found
Clinical and functional evaluation of patients with rectocele and mucosal prolapse treated with transanal repair of rectocele and rectal mucosectomy with a single circular stapler (TRREMS)
DO CHANGES IN ANAL SPHINCTER ANATOMY CORRELATE WITH ANAL FUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF VAGINAL DELIVERY?
Usefulness of 3D transperineal ultrasound in severe stenosis of the anal canal: preliminary experience in four cases
Long-term outcomes of clinical complete responders after neoadjuvant treatment for rectal cancer in the International Watch & Wait Database (IWWD): an international multicentre registry study
Background: The strategy of watch and wait (W&W) in patients with rectal cancer who achieve a complete clinical response (cCR) after neoadjuvant therapy is new and offers an opportunity for patients to avoid major resection surgery. However, evidence is based on small-to-moderate sized series from specialist centres. The International Watch & Wait Database (IWWD) aims to describe the outcome of the W&W strategy in a large-scale registry of pooled individual patient data. We report the results of a descriptive analysis after inclusion of more than 1000 patients in the registry.
Methods: Participating centres entered data in the registry through an online, highly secured, and encrypted research data server. Data included baseline characteristics, neoadjuvant therapy, imaging protocols, incidence of local regrowth and distant metastasis, and survival status. All patients with rectal cancer in whom the standard of care (total mesorectal excision surgery) was omitted after neoadjuvant therapy were eligible to be included in the IWWD. For the present analysis, we only selected patients with no signs of residual tumour at reassessment (a cCR). We analysed the proportion of patients with local regrowth, proportion of patients with distant metastases, 5-year overall survival, and 5-year disease-specific survival.
Findings: Between April 14, 2015, and June 30, 2017, we identified 1009 patients who received neoadjuvant treatment and were managed by W&W in the database from 47 participating institutes (15 countries). We included 880 (87%) patients with a cCR. Median follow-up time was 3·3 years (95% CI 3·1–3·6). The 2-year cumulative incidence of local regrowth was 25·2% (95% CI 22·2–28·5%), 88% of all local regrowth was diagnosed in the first 2 years, and 97% of local regrowth was located in the bowel wall. Distant metastasis were diagnosed in 71 (8%) of 880 patients. 5-year overall survival was 85% (95% CI 80·9–87·7%), and 5-year disease-specific survival was 94% (91–96%).
Interpretation: This dataset has the largest series of patients with rectal cancer treated with a W&W approach, consisting of approximately 50% data from previous cohort series and 50% unpublished data. Local regrowth occurs mostly in the first 2 years and in the bowel wall, emphasising the importance of endoscopic surveillance to ensure the option of deferred curative surgery. Local unsalvageable disease after W&W was rare.
Funding: European Registration of Cancer Care financed by European Society of Surgical Oncology, Champalimaud Foundation Lisbon, Bas Mulder Award granted by the Alpe d'Huzes Foundation and Dutch Cancer Society, and European Research Council Advanced Grant
Pubovisceral muscle and anal sphincter defects in women with fecal or urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery
Ecodefecografia tridimensional dinâmica: nova técnica para avaliação da Síndrome da Defecação Obstruída (SDO)
O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar novas técnicas para avaliação da SDO, utilizando a ultra-sonografia endorretal tridimensional dinâmica e comparando os resultados com a defecografia. Foram incluídas neste estudo 25 mulheres adultas, distribuídas em dois grupos. Grupo I: 15 mulheres normais, idade média de 52,4 anos (23-76) e todas se submeteram ao exame proctológico completo e à ultra-sonografia anorretal tri-dimensional dinâmica para se estabelecer os padrões de normalidade do canal anal e reto. Grupo II: 10 pacientes mulheres com evacuação obstruída, idade média de 47,8 anos (33 a 65 anos), apresentando como principais sintomas a sensação de evacuação incompleta, disquezia e digitação vaginal ou perineal. Submeteram-se a exame proctológico completo, seguindo-se defecografia e posteriormente ecodefecografia por dois examinadores que desconheciam o resultado do exame anterior. A ecodefecografia dinâmica foi realizada com um equipamento B-K Medical®, sonda 360º, tipo 2050, com escaneamento automático durante 50 segundos com 6 cm de extensão. O tamanho médio do ângulo formado pelo músculo PR no repouso foi 87,13º (variação 78,9 - 90,8°) (± 1,01) e no esforço evacuatório 99,22º (variação 84,9 - 114,5°) (± 1,84) nas mulheres normais (grupo I). Houve elevação do ângulo em todas as pacientes normais, significando relaxamento normal do PR durante o esforço evacuatório. Com relação à avaliação da anoretocele, a parede posterior da vagina se manteve na posição horizontal durante todo o esforço evacuatório, exceto nas portadoras de anoretocele. Foram diagnosticadas anoretocele (grau I = 1, grau II = 5, grau III = 4) em todas as pacientes do grupo II pelo exame clínico e defecografia. Todos os casos foram confirmados pela ecodefecografia. A partir destes resultados, foram estabelecidos os valores para classificar a anorectocele de acordo com a ecodefecografia (grau I - distância entre as posições da parede vaginal até 5,0mm, grau II de 6,0 a 12,0mm, grau III além de 12,0mm). Foi identificado anismus em uma paciente com anoretocele grau II e em outra com grau III na defecografia e confirmado na ecodefecografia pela redução no ângulo formado pelo PR ao comparar as posições em repouso e durante o esforço evacuatório. A defecografia demonstrou também quatro casos de intussuscepção enquanto a ecodefecografia confirmou estes casos e identificou dois outros. Em conclusão, a ecodefecografia pode ser utilizada como um método alternativo para o diagnóstico da SDO, pois identifica e quantifica todas as disfunções anorretais responsáveis pela evacuação obstruída. Apresenta também a grande vantagem de avaliar os distúrbios da continência, identificando lesões esfincterianas, mesmo ocultas. É minimamente invasivo, bem tolerado, baixo custo, não expondo o paciente à radiação e demonstrando com precisão todas as estruturas anatômicas envolvidas com a defecação.<br>The aim of the present study is to show novel techniques to evaluate the ODS using dynamic three-dimensional endorectal ultrasound and comparing the results with defecography. Twenty-five adult women were included and distributed in two groups. Group I: Fifteen normal women, mean age 52,4 years old (range 23-76) submitted to full proctologic exam and dynamic 3D anorectal ultrasonography to establish the normal patterns of the rectum and anal canal. Group II: Ten female patients complaining of obstructed defecation, mean age 47,8 years old (33 a 65). The main symptoms were incomplete evacuation, disquezia and vaginal or perineal digitation. They were submitted to full proctologic evaluation, followed by defecography and lastly echodefecography by two examiners without knowing the defecography results. The dynamic echodefecography was performed using B-K Medical® equipment, 360º endoprobe, type 2050, with automatic scan during 50 seconds. The mean angle size formed by the PR at rest position (group I) was 87,13º (range 78,9 - 90,8°) (± 1,01) and 99,22º (range 84,9 - 114,5°) (± 1,84) during evacuatory effort.. It was observed that the angle size increased in all normal women, demonstrating PR relaxation during the evacuatory effort. Concerning to anorectocele evaluation, the posterior vagina wall was kept at horizontal position during the evacuatory effort, except in patients with anorectocele. All patients from group II had anorectocele ( grade I = 1, grade II = 5, grade III = 4) demonstrated at clinical and defecography evaluation. All cases were also confirmed by echodefecography. Based on such results, it was established the reference parameters to classify anorectocele according to echodefecography. (grade I - distance of the vaginal wall positions until 5,0mm, grade II from 6,0 to 12,0mm, grade III above 12,0mm). Defecography identified anismus in one patient with anorectocele grade II and in another with grade III and both were confirmed at echodefecography by decreasing the PR angle when compared the resting with straining positions. Defecography showed also four cases of rectal intussusceptions while echodefecography confirmed such findings and identified two other cases. In conclusion, echodefecography can be used as an alternative method to assess patients with ODS because it identifies and quantifies all the anorectal dysfunctions associated with the obstructed defecation, with the advantage to evaluate also the continence disturbances, identifying sphincter injuries. It's minimally invasive, well tolerated, low cost, no radiation exposure and demonstrates precisely all the anatomic structures involved with defecation