Perspectivas sobre la situación y proyección de la responsabilidad social empresarial en América Latina

Contextualization of corporate social responsibility in Latin America and its future perspectivesContextualización sobre la responsabilidad social corporativa en América Latina y sus perspectivas futuras

Eine umfassende Transformation des Unternehmens

Corporate Social Entrepreneurship befähigt Unternehmen, wirksamere Formen von Corporate Social Responsibility zu entwickeln. Das nützt sowohl der Gesellschaft als auch dem Unternehme

Empresas sociales: ¿una especie en busca de reconocimiento?

El objetivo de este ensayo es delinear el concepto de las llamadas empresas sociales y explorar algunas de sus características. El capítulo comienza con una descripción del contexto en el cual surge este tipo de organización. A partir de un recuento de las aproximaciones europeas y norteamericanas al campo de estudio, explicamos los criterios básicos que definen a las empresas sociales. A lo largo del capítulo están descritos algunos ejemplos de estas empresas.In this essay we explore the emergence of social entreprise as a new organizational phenomenon. Starting with a review of the context in which these novel initiatives emerge, we review the European and North American approaches to social enterprises, pinpointing similarities and differences. We then identify the basic criteria that characterize social enterprises with concrete examples.O objetivo neste artigo é delinear o conceito de empresa social e explorar algumas de suas características. Realiza-se, inicialmente, uma descrição do contexto em que surge esse tipo de organização. A partir de uma análise das abordagens européias e norte-americanas ao campo de estudo, são explicados os critérios básicos que definem as empresas sociais. Ao longo do estudo, são descritos alguns exemplos dessas empresas

Foreign Policy and Political Culture: the Case of the Argentinian Democracy (1983-1985)

Throughout the twelve years that have passed since the restoration of democracy in Argentina, the external political dynamics of the country experienced dramatic changes. We can distinguish between three periods structured according to clearly differentiated parametres: the search for independence (1983-1985), the change to realism (1985-1989) and the search to reconnect (1989-1995).At the same time, this evolution was accompanied by far-reaching transformations in the international system. These changes were reflected through the means of an emulative connection to Argentinian political life, modifying the terms of the consensus which sustained the external dynamics of the State. Argentinian political culture had to adapt itself to reality, to its own experience and to those signals coming from enviroment which indicated where -and where notitshould direct its energies in order to optimize results.From this re-reading of reality carried out by both political leaders and Argentinian public opinion, the president elected, regardless of the result of the 1989 elections, had instrumented a reorientation similar to the present one. In the same way, Menem’s successor will maintain, in broad termes, the current external dynamics in his country

Argentina as an Extra Ally of the United States in NATO

Few months ago, the United States of America and Argentina signed the agreements to become official allies. Although every alliance is a bilateral fact, it is obvious in this case that it was Argentina that approached the U.S. first and not vice-versa. How can it be explained that a peripheral country, with a long tradition of isolationism, and even confrontation with the Washington, came to be this northern neighbor’s ally? Such a decision was not improvised, rather it was the result of a prolonged process of readjustment in Argentina’s foreign policy. To begin to explain this readjustment, three distinct levels of analysis should be undertaken.The first, the broadest, refers to changes in the international system that affected the way Argentina conceived of its foreign policy. The end of bipolarity altered the equation of costs and benefits of Argentinean diplomacy, raising the costs of isolationism and increasing the incentives for a new bilateral relation with Washington. The second level is more demarcated and refers to the events which influenced Argentinean society and its leadership: the profound transformation of this country’s political culture. A series of values that were absolutely unpopular when the transition to democracy began had become, by the end of the decade, mute points in the process leading to a democratic consensus. The change in the political culture was decisive in the construction of the new foreign policy. The third level of analysis is the most specific: the ideas and leadership style of President Carlos Menem. Though the vision and ideas of this Peronist leader have been fundamental in the decision to establish closer relations with Washington, his decisions are not explicable without reference to the other variables mentioned above