A Comparative Study of the Servant Words in the New Testament

At least twelve Greek words are used at various times in the New Testament denoting some form or function of ser­vice. The development of each word in its Greek and Septua­gint backgrounds is unique; each word has a unique meaning in the New Testament. Yet the English language cannot ade­quately translate the full impact of these words as they were used by the original authors. Illumination of each term in light of its philology is necessary

All Dressed Up

Photograph of Buddy Clark; Illustration of broken hearthttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/8686/thumbnail.jp

All Dressed Up

Photograph of Buddy Clark; Illustration of broken hearthttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/8687/thumbnail.jp

Imaging the Thermal and Kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Signals in a Sample of Ten Massive Galaxy Clusters: Constraints on Internal Velocity Structures and Bulk Velocities

We have imaged the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect signals at 140 and 270 GHz towards ten galaxy clusters with Bolocam and AzTEC/ASTE. We also used Planck data to constrain the signal at large angular scales, Herschel-SPIRE images to subtract the brightest galaxies that comprise the cosmic infrared background (CIB), Chandra imaging to map the electron temperature $T_e$ of the intra-cluster medium (ICM), and HST imaging to derive models of each galaxy cluster's mass density. The galaxy clusters gravitationally lens the background CIB, which produced an on-average reduction in brightness towards the galaxy clusters' centers after the brightest galaxies were subtracted. We corrected for this deficit, which was between 5-25% of the 270 GHz SZ effect signal within $R_{2500}$. Using the SZ effect measurements, along with the X-ray constraint on $T_e$, we measured each galaxy cluster's average line of sight (LOS) velocity $v_z$ within $R_{2500}$, with a median per-cluster uncertainty of +-700 km/s. We found an ensemble-mean of 430+-210 km/s, and an intrinsic cluster-to-cluster scatter $\sigma_{int}$ of 470+-340 km/s. We also obtained maps of $v_z$ over each galaxy cluster's face with an angular resolution of 70". All four galaxy clusters previously identified as having a merger oriented along the LOS showed an excess variance in these maps at a significance of 2-4$\sigma$, indicating an internal $v_z$ rms of $\gtrsim$1000 km/s. None of the six galaxy clusters previously identified as relaxed or plane of sky mergers showed any such excess variance.Comment: Accepted for publication in Ap

A Multi-wavelength Study of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect in the Triple-Merger Cluster MACS J0717.5+3745 with MUSTANG and Bolocam

We present 90, 140, and 268GHz sub-arcminute resolution imaging of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) in MACSJ0717.5+3745. Our 90GHz SZE data result in a sensitive, 34uJy/bm map at 13" resolution using MUSTANG. Our 140 and 268GHz SZE imaging, with resolutions of 58" and 31" and sensitivities of 1.8 and 3.3mJy/beam respectively, was obtained using Bolocam. We compare these maps to a 2-dimensional pressure map derived from Chandra X-ray observations. Our MUSTANG data confirm previous indications from Chandra of a pressure enhancement due to shock-heated, >20keV gas immediately adjacent to extended radio emission seen in low-frequency radio maps. The MUSTANG data also detect pressure substructure that is not well-constrained by the X-ray data in the remnant core of a merging subcluster. We find that the small-scale pressure enhancements in the MUSTANG data amount to ~2% of the total pressure measured in the 140GHz Bolocam observations. The X-ray template also fails on larger scales to accurately describe the Bolocam data, particularly at the location of a subcluster known to have a high line of sight optical velocity (~3200km/s). Our Bolocam data are adequately described when we add an additional component - not described by a thermal SZE spectrum - coincident with this subcluster. Using flux densities extracted from our model fits, and marginalizing over the temperature constraints for the region, we fit a thermal+kinetic SZE spectrum to our data and find the subcluster has a best-fit line of sight proper velocity of 3600+3440/-2160km/s. This agrees with the optical velocity estimates for the subcluster. The probability of velocity<0 given our measurements is 2.1%. Repeating this analysis using flux densities measured non-parametrically results in a 3.4% probability of a velocity<=0. We note that this tantalizing result for the kinetic SZE is on resolved, subcluster scales.Comment: 10 Figures, 18 pages. this version corrects issues with the previous arXiv versio