Numerical study of variable lung ventilation strategies

Mechanical ventilation is used for patients with a variety of lung diseases. Traditionally, ventilators have been designed to monotonously deliver equal sized breaths. While it may seem intuitive that lungs may benefit from unvarying and stable ventilation pressure strategy, recently it has been reported that variable lung ventilation is advantageous. In this study, we analyze the mean tidal volume in response to different `variable ventilation pressure' strategies. We found that uniformly distributed variability in pressure gives the best tidal volume as compared to that of normal, scale- free, log normal and linear distributions.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, 37th National Systems Conference (NSC 2013; Theme: Systems Thinking in Social Innovation and Emerging Technologies). appears in Chapter 26, pp 299-306, Systems Thinking Approach for Social Problems, Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 327, 201

Synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer: a rare presentation

Synchronous primary cancers are relatively uncommon in the general population. About 0.5 -1.7% of gynecological malignancies have synchronous primary cancer of female genital tract. Amongst the synchronous gynecological malignancies synchronous endometrioid carcinoma is most common and has good prognosis. Patients with synchronous endometrioid tumors of endometrium and ovary are usually younger, have low grade number, and their prognosis is better than other histologic types. The authors are presenting a case of 38 years old nulliparous obese woman with pain in abdomen and heavy menstrual bleeding for a duration of four months. The MRI pelvis was suggestive of well defined, lobulated, complex, solid cystic multiseptated lesion measuring 8.8×7.7×8.8 cm in right adnexa, with anteverted uterus, and a bulky indistinct emdomyometrial junction. Histopathology revealed synchronous endometrial carcinoma of both uterus and ovary

A retrospective study of the comparison of maternal outcomes in in-vitro-fertilization pregnancy versus spontaneous conception

Background: The adverse maternal outcomes of newer technology of IVF have not been studied so far, especially in India.  The aim of the study was to compare maternal near miss and mortality between IVF-conceived and spontaneously conceived pregnancies, at a tertiary-level hospital, in Delhi. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2018-2020. The demographic, obstetrics, past history, obstetric-related morbidity, mode of delivery, details of maternal near miss and mortality, and their reasons were recorded. Similar data from spontaneous conceptions were compiled. Comparison of maternal characteristics was tested using chi-square test, p<0.05 was considered significant.  Results: Mean age of women in the study group was 33.16±5.58 years and in controls was 26.16±4.28 years. The risk of multiple pregnancy (58.5% versus 2%, p<0.0001), pre-eclampsia (62.8% versus 17.1%, p<0.0001), gestational diabetes mellitus (23.5% versus 14.2%, p=0.0493), intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (32.8% versus 10%, p<0.0001), antepartum haemorrhage (12.1% versus 2.85%, p=0.0066), preterm deliveries (66.4% versus 5.7%, <0.0001), and maternal near miss (12.8% versus 0.7%, OR 20.50, 95% CI-2.6979 to 155.8916, p=0.0035) were much higher in the study group as compared to the control group and was statistically significant. The odds of maternal mortality were 4.0882, 95% CI 0.4512 to 37.0465, p=0.2105 in the study group as compared to the control group. Conclusions: There is a need to counsel couples wanting to conceive with IVF about not just the procedure and success rates of it, but also the potential for pregnancy complications

Use of cervical length, measured by transvaginal sonography at 22 to 26 weeks, as a predictor of preterm labour in twin pregnancy

Background: Preterm labour and delivery contributes significantly to perinatal morbidity and mortality in twin gestation. Measurement of cervical length during antenatal period and subsequent follow up may identify women at risk for preterm labour.  The purpose of this study was to determine if measurement of cervical length at 22 to 26 weeks can be used as a predictor of preterm labour in twin pregnancy.Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in 50 women with twin gestation in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Cervical length was measured using transvaginal sonography and repeated every four weeks till delivery. Cervical length of ≤30 mm was taken as short cervix and delivery before 37 weeks was taken as preterm delivery.Results: Total of 18 out of 50 women (36%) delivered between 32 to 34 weeks, 14 out of 50 (28%) delivered between 34 to 37 weeks, 7 out of 50 (14%) delivered at less than 32 weeks. Therefore, total preterm deliveries at less than 37 weeks were 78%. Total 11 out of 50 (22%) delivered at term i.e. at more than 37weeks. In women, who had short cervical length (≤ 30 mm) at the time of presentation, 14 out of 37 (38 %) delivered between 30 to 34 weeks, 12 out of 37 (32 %) women delivered between 34 to 37 weeks, 5 out of 37 (14%) delivered at ≤ 30 weeks. Rest 6 out of 37 (16 %) delivered after 37 weeks.Conclusions: Short cervical length of ≤30 mm on transvaginal sonography at 22-26 weeks of gestation in twin pregnancy may be used as a screening tool in prediction of preterm labour in asymptomatic twin pregnancy

Importance of information technology in Physical Education

Abstract The use of Information Technology (IT) in Physical Education (PE) has become increasingly popular in recent years. This paper provides an overview of the current state of the use of IT in PE, including its benefits and challenges. It also acknowledges some of the challenges associated with the use of IT in PE, including issues related to access, equity, and digital literacy. The paper concludes by suggesting ways in which educators and policymakers can address these challenges and fully realize the potential of IT in PE. In addition to enhancing teaching and learning in PE, IT can also play a role in promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyles among students. Mobile apps and wearable devices can be used to track students' physical activity levels and provide personalized feedback and motivation. Social media and other online platforms can also be used to create a supportive and inclusive community that encourages students to be active and healthy. &nbsp

Study of maternal serum lipid profile and apolipoprotein a levels and its correlation with fetal growth restriction

Background: This study was aimed to estimate maternal serum lipid profile and apolipoprotein A levels in pregnancies complicated with FGR and to compare the levels with the levels in normal pregnancies.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, in a study group consisting of 30 pregnant women at gestation 32-34 weeks with ultrasound diagnosed FGR and control group consisting of 30 age and gestation matched uncomplicated pregnant women. Maternal serum lipid profile and apolipoprotein A levels were measured and compared between the two groups.Results: Total serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and Apolipoprotein A were significantly lower in FGR group compared to normal controls. Mean±SD of total cholesterol was found to be 199.17±49.06 mg/dl in cases and 244.10±53.17 mg/dl in controls. Mean±SD of triglyceride was 200.53±60.25 mg/dl in cases compared to 304.13±69.12 mg/dl in controls. Mean±SD of LDL-Cholesterol was 98.19±37.91 mg/dl in cases and 127.07±47.84 mg/dl in controls. Mean±SD of VLDL-cholesterol was 40.11±12.05 mg/dl in cases and 60.83±13.82 mg/dl in controls. Mean±SD of Apolipoprotein A was 147.71±16.40 mg/dl in cases compared to 163.30±16.07 mg/dl in controls. HDL-cholesterol did not change significantly as its mean±SD was 60.87±15.18 mg/dl in FGR group and 56.20±16.07 mg/dl in control group.Conclusions: The decreased levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein A levels may be used as biochemical marker for detection of FGR

Assessment of Immunotoxic Response in Albino Rats Following Nickel Nitrate Treatment

Nickel nitrate affects body physiology and immunology following its absorption through food, water, air. Predetermined doses of nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2] in acute (1 d) and subacute (7, 14, 21 ds) treatments revealed a significant increase in IgG concentration and lymphocyte number, whereas, neutrophils and eosinophils registered significant fall. These alterations indicated heavy metal stress in Immunological parameters that become targets

Feto-maternal outcome of second stage cesarean section in B. P. Koirala institute of health sciences: a retrospective study

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a common surgical procedure performed in obstetrics. The rate of rise of CS can be attributed to the increase in safety of the procedure, enhanced surgical techniques, improved    antibiotics, increase in number of women requesting for CS. In general, caesarean delivery is associated with more severe maternal complications compared to vaginal deliveries. The stage of labour at which CS is undertaken has been shown to influence the rate/risk of complication. Methods: It was an observational and retrospective study that depended on some clinical records related to more than 37 weeks’ gestation. The study was conducted in BP Koirala institute of health sciences, Dharan Nepal from 2021 December to 2022 December. The neonatal as well as maternal outcomes have been evaluated for CS among those who were observing the second stage in their labor period. The test statistics used to analyse the data were descriptive statistics chi-square test. Results:  The total delivery was 16131 out of which there were 6748 cesarean deliveries. Out of 6748 CS 65 patients had cesarean in second stage of labour. The most common cause of CS in second stage of labor was arrest of descent and dilatation (40%), followed by meconium-stained liquor (15.38%), occipito-posterior position (12.30%), and obstructed labour (3.07%) Being the least cause. One patient had to undergo peri-partum hysterectomy and the most common complication of second stage CS was prolong foleys catheterization (15 patients), post-partum febrile illness (20 patients out of 65), followed by wound infection, PPH, blood transfusion. The neonatal admission for NICU were birth asphyxia and respiratory distress were 50% each. Conclusions: CS in the second stage of labor is correlated with considerably improved neonatal and maternal rate of morbidity along with expanded neonatal mortality. A proper judgment and skilled obstetrician are required to perform a second-stage CS. CS in the second stage of labor is a technically demanding procedure with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity compared to the CS in the first stage of labor

ANTIBACTERIAL CAPACITY AND IDENTIFICATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS BY GCMS OF ALLIUM CEPA

Objective: Plants offer a novel source for the isolation of a wide variety of medicinal agents. Allium cepa commonly known as onion is very well known medicinal plants and we investigated the antibacterial activity of different extracts and their phytochemical analysis by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS).Methods: The extracts of A. cepa prepared in six different solvents was analyzed for antibacterial activity against nine American type cell culture (ATCC) reference bacterial strains i.e. Shigella flexneri, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa by using the agar well diffusion method. GCMS analysis also has been carried out for their phytochemical analysis.Results: The results obtained from agar well diffusion assay showed the zone of inhibition range from 10±0.76 to 26±0.76 mm for different extracts. The methanol extract was found most potent against K. pneumonia and S. marcescens with the zone of inhibition of 26±0.76 mm for both strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were in the range of 1.87 to 7.5 mg/ml and the MIC values for K. pneumonia and S. marcescens was 1.87 mg/ml. A total of 43 compounds were identified by GCMS analysis. Out of them dodecanoic acid was found common in all extracts.Conclusion: It is concluded that Allium cepa have good antibacterial activity so it can be used for the treatment of various infectious diseases

Sexually transmitted infections or reproductive tract infections prevalence and treatment efficacy of syndromic approach in reproductive age group women attending gynaecological out-patient department

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) and reproductive tract infections (RTI) continue to be a major health, social and economic problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of STI and RTI among women of reproductive age (18-49 years) attending gynaecological consultations. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1006 women of reproductive age attending a hospital was conducted over a period of 1 year. Out of these 116 women were not followed up, so they were excluded from the study. Thus, 890 women between the ages of 18 and 49 who were fertile completed the study, whether or not they had symptoms. Results: According to a laboratory test, the overall prevalence of STDs and STIs in women of childbearing age was 24.62% in symptomatic individuals and 12% in asymptomatic individuals. Vaginal discharge (61.91%) was the most common symptom Conclusions: To reduce the prevalence of STIs, RTI /STI screening for women in all reproductive age groups is essential. Early detection and treatment can reduce the severity of long-term sequelae and prevent complications