EXAMINING THE UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSEHOLD TRAVEL CARBON EMISSIONS WITHIN AND ACROSS NEIGHBORHOODS: THE CASE OF BEIJING

Although a growing number of studies have scrutinized population-based variations in travel carbon emissions, few have examined these variations and uneven composition at the neighborhood level. Based on a 2007 Beijing household daily travel/activity survey, this paper attempts to calculate household daily travel carbon emissions and delineate the heterogeneous distribution within and across different neighborhoods. Using multilevel regression models, this paper confirms that socioeconomic variables (especially car availability) are the dominant contributing factors to household travel carbon emissions. Increasing the population density, land use mix and access to metro stations decreases emissions; whereas, household travel emissions increase along with the residential distance to the city center. Moreover, these effects vary across neighborhoods. Consequently, besides behavioral change policies aimed at high emitters, land use instruments should be targeted to different neighborhoods. The observed heterogeneous distributions call for a new governance framework to develop more effective and equitable urban transport policies.NSFC [41571144]; NSFC-NSF [41228001]SSCIARTICLE3,SI487-5065

"Pool of Responsibility": A new approach to doping prevention

Doping has been an issue for the greater part of a century. Current anti-doping policies involve punishment and chemical testing aimed at a single individual. Doping scandals show that it is rarely the fault of only an individual athlete, particularly in a team scenario. Coaches, sports scientist and other athletes may all contribute to an athlete’s decision to dope. A novel solution has been formulated, a ‘pool of responsibility’; the idea that responsibility for doping is borne by all team-members not just the individual athlete. Case studies and examples from organisational and legal literature were used to justify the concept.Aaron Herman

Nudges for Privacy and Security: Understanding and Assisting Users' Choices Online

Advancements in information technology often task users with complex and consequential privacy and security decisions. A growing body of research has investigated individuals' choices in the presence of privacy and information security tradeoffs, the decision-making hurdles affecting those choices, and ways to mitigate such hurdles. This article provides a multi-disciplinary assessment of the literature pertaining to privacy and security decision making. It focuses on research on assisting individuals' privacy and security choices with soft paternalistic interventions that nudge users toward more beneficial choices. The article discusses potential benefits of those interventions, highlights their shortcomings, and identifies key ethical, design, and research challenges.National Science Foundation [CNS-1012763, CNS-0627513, CNS-0905562]; Google; CMU CyLab from the Army Research Office [DAAD19-02-1-0389, W911NF-09-1-0273]; IWT SBO SPION Project; Nokia; France Telecom; CMU/Portugal Information and Communication Technologies InstituteThis item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]