Do antibiotics prevent recurrent UTI in children with anatomic abnormalities?

Evidence is insufficient to recommend for or against antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) in children with anatomic abnormalities. Guidelines acknowledge this lack of evidence, but still recommend using prophylactic antibiotics in children with vesiculoureteral reflux (strength of recommendation: B, based on poor-quality or inconclusive cohort and randomized controlled studies). No controlled, prospective studies have examined the effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics to prevent UTI recurrence or renal scarring

Endomorphisms and automorphisms of locally covariant quantum field theories

In the framework of locally covariant quantum field theory, a theory is described as a functor from a category of spacetimes to a category of *-algebras. It is proposed that the global gauge group of such a theory can be identified as the group of automorphisms of the defining functor. Consequently, multiplets of fields may be identified at the functorial level. It is shown that locally covariant theories that obey standard assumptions in Minkowski space, including energy compactness, have no proper endomorphisms (i.e., all endomorphisms are automorphisms) and have a compact automorphism group. Further, it is shown how the endomorphisms and automorphisms of a locally covariant theory may, in principle, be classified in any single spacetime. As an example, the endomorphisms and automorphisms of a system of finitely many free scalar fields are completely classified.Comment: v2 45pp, expanded to include additional results; presentation improved and an error corrected. To appear in Rev Math Phy

Probing the N=14N = 14 subshell closure: gg factor of the 26^{26}Mg(21+^+_1) state

The first-excited state $g$~factor of $^{26}$Mg has been measured relative to the $g$ factor of the $^{24}$Mg($2^+_1$) state using the high-velocity transient-field technique, giving $g=+0.86\pm0.10$. This new measurement is in strong disagreement with the currently adopted value, but in agreement with the $sd$-shell model using the USDB interaction. The newly measured $g$ factor, along with $E(2^+_1)$ and $B(E2)$ systematics, signal the closure of the $\nu d_{5/2}$ subshell at $N=14$. The possibility that precise $g$-factor measurements may indicate the onset of neutron $pf$ admixtures in first-excited state even-even magnesium isotopes below $^{32}$Mg is discussed and the importance of precise excited-state $g$-factor measurements on $sd$~shell nuclei with $N\neq Z$ to test shell-model wavefunctions is noted.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure

Core excitations across the neutron shell gap in ²⁰⁷Tl

The single closed-neutron-shell, one proton-hole nucleus 207Tl was populated in deep-inelastic collisions of a 208Pb beam with a 208Pb target. The yrast and near-yrast level scheme has been established up to high excitation energy, comprising an octupol

Discovery of isomers in dysprosium, holmium, and erbium isotopes with N = 94 to 97

High-spin states in the 68164Er96 region were studied using 9Be + 160Gd reactions. Pulsed beam conditions were exploited for enhanced sensitivity to delayed γ-ray transitions. New isomers were identified in 161Dy, 163Ho, 162Er, and 165Er. The 162Er isom

Discovery of a nonyrast Kπ=8+ isomer in Dy162, and the influence of competing K-mixing mechanisms on its highly forbidden decay

The Gd160(Be9,α3n)Dy162 reaction has been used to study high-spin states in Dy162. Pulsed beam conditions were utilized for enhanced isomer sensitivity. An isomer at 2188.1(3) keV with a half-life of 8.3(3) μs has been discovered and assigned Kπ= 8+ with a two-quasineutron configuration. Among 11 γ-ray decay branches, an E2, ΔK=8 transition to the ground-state band was observed with a reduced hindrance of fν=35, agreeing well with systematics correlating fν with the product of the valence neutron and proton numbers (NpNn) over an extended N,Z range. Small deviations from NpNn dependence are analyzed for a range of two-quasiparticle isomer decays and interpreted as arising from a weak dependence on the isomer excitation energy relative to the yrast line

Anosov Flows and Dynamical Zeta Functions

We study the Ruelle and Selberg zeta functions for \Cs^r Anosov flows, $r > 2$, on a compact smooth manifold. We prove several results, the most remarkable being: (a) for \Cs^\infty flows the zeta function is meromorphic on the entire complex plane; (b) for contact flows satisfying a bunching condition (e.g. geodesic flows on manifolds of negative curvature better than $\frac 19$-pinched) the zeta function has a pole at the topological entropy and is analytic in a strip to its left; (c) under the same hypotheses as in (b) we obtain sharp results on the number of periodic orbits. Our arguments are based on the study of the spectral properties of a transfer operator acting on suitable Banach spaces of anisotropic currents