Geo-referencing the satellite image from Google Earth by relative and absolute positioning

Introduction of geo-visualisation tools over the internet such as Google Earth (GE) has cut down the cost of data acquisition. This study is undertaken to validate the geo-information provided by GE that could be used for geospatial work. Satellite images and latitude-longitude coordinates (X-Y) for the campus of the University of Malaya has been downloaded from the internet. Geo-referencing of the satellite image was carried out using the relative positioning (RP) and absolute positioning (AP) within the geographic information system environment. Sources of X-Y for AP were obtained from GE and a topography map provided by the Malaysian Survey and Mapping Department. For absolute positioning, the data was obtained using GPS equipment. Comparison of these sources was undetaken with the total residual mean square error (RMSE) of X-Y in the map and at the source. All sources of X-Y had produced the total RMSE within 0.00014 degree. Considering the total RMSE as standard deviation (SD), the resulting range of error for geo-referencing of the satellite image was within 15 m. Thus, it can be concluded that geo-information from GE can be used as the source of base map

ETHER FUNCTIONALIZED IMIDAZOLIUM BASED IONIC LIQUIDS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL

The study has been done to produce [C2CN-2-DEEim][DOSS] and [C2CN-Pr-3- Pheim ][DOSS] and to prove the effect of ether towards viscosity and COz solubility. The process involves three sections. The first section is alkylation of propanenitrile imidazole, followed by section two by quaternization reaction to produce ether nitrile imidazole. In section three, metathesis reaction is done by mixing the ether nitrile imidazole with Sodium Dioctylsulfosuccinate (DOSS). The characterization of synthesized ionic liquids was conducted, namely Raman Analysis, water content, density, viscosity and thermogravimetry measurement. The thermo-physical and phase behavior properties .of the ionic liquids produced obey the theory which is the thermal stability ranges between 250°C to 500°C. It has been found that the ether incorporated in the ionic liquid have an effect towards the viscosity of the ionic liquid and the COz solibility. Aromatic ring in ether hinders the ionic liquid from achieving maximum COz absorbed. The objectives were successfully achieved

Scan Test Coverage Improvement Via Automatic Test Pattern Generation (Atpg) Tool Configuration

The scan test coverage improvement by using automatic test pattern generation (ATPG) tool configuration was investigated. Improving the test coverage is essential in detecting manufacturing defects in semiconductor industry so that high quality products can be supplied to consumers. The ATPG tool used was Mentor Graphics Tessent TestKompress (version 2014.1). The study was done by setting up a few experiments of utilizing and modifying ATPG commands and switches, observing the test coverage improvement from the statistical reports provided during pattern generation process and providing relatable discussions. By modifying the ATPG commands, it can be expected to have some improvement in the test coverage. The scan test patterns generated were stuck-at test patterns. Based on the experiments done, comparison was made on the different coverage readings and the most optimized method and flow of ATPG were determined. The most optimized flow gave an improvement of 0.91% in test coverage which is acceptable since this method does not involve a change in design. The test patterns generated were converted and tested using automatic test equipment (ATE) to observe its performance on real silicon. The test coverage improvement using ATPG tool instead of the design-based method is important as a faster workaround for back-end engineers to provide high quality test contents in such a short product development duration

Immunological Studies Of Dna (Pjwvacii) And Surface Display (R-Stvacii) Vaccine Candidates Expressing A Synthetic Multiepitope Gene Of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis In A Prime Boost Strategy Using A Mouse Model [QR82.M95 N839 2008 f rb].

Tuberculosis (TB) pada manusia adalah disebabkan oleh patogen bakteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis dan merupakan salah satu penyakit utama di dunia. Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is still one of thea major health problems worldwide

Dual Polarization Microstrip Array Antenna For WLAN Application

The advantages of microstrip antennas have made them a perfect candidate for use in the Wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. Though bound by certain disadvantages, microstrip patch antennas can be tailored so they can be used in the new high-speed broadband WLAN systems. The design and development of a dual linearly polarized microstrip antenna operating at center frequency of 2.4 GHz is presented in this thesis by using one port with single layer. This design presents an array antenna from type of inset-fed microstrip patch antenna oriented at 45° and -45°. The antenna is capable to generate dual-polarization radiation pattern slanted at 45° and -45°. Combinations of two and more patches using quarter-wave impedance matching technique have been used to design the array antenna. The design were simulated using CST Studio Suite 2008 and were fabricated on FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant Er = 4.7, tan () = 0.019 and thickness =1.6mm. Then, the fabricated antenna were measured by using network analyzer. The measurement show, the dual polarization microstip array antennas demonstrate larger bandwidth and increase the gain response compared to the single antenna. It provides an impedance bandwidth of 5% (from 2.412 to 2.484GHz) below lOdB and the gain of antenna achieve about 5.01 dBi, so that it easily covers the required universal 2.4GHz bandwidths for wireless local area network applications (WLAN)

The application of digital elevation model for the Klang Valley geological structure.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to utilise the interactive view capability of the geographical information system (GIS) for the geological interpretation in Klang Valley, Malaysia.Design/methodology/approach – Topographical map scale of 1:10 000 was used to generate digital elevation model (DEM). The geological map was draped over the DEM to create a 3D perspective view. The geological interpretation was undertaken using the 3D capability of the GIS software.Findings – From the study, five lineaments which could possibly be the newly identified faults and one lithological boundary have been delineated.Research limitations/implications – Although these findings need to be rechecked in the field, they show the capability of the DEM application in structural geology interpretation.Practical implications – The results obtained from this study demonstrate the capability of utilising a geological map draped over DEM for structural geological interpretation. Thus the technique may increase the interpretation accuracy.Originality/value – The major outcome of this research is the possible use of DEM in the application of geological study

Athlete’s nutrition knowledge and their perception and satisfaction in the foodservice quality of the athlete’s cafeteria

This study investigated athletes’ perceptions and satisfactions on the foodservice quality of the athlete’s cafeteria as well as their knowledge on nutrition. Four dimensions namely food quality, meal service quality, staff/service issues, and dining environments and their overall satisfactions were investigated. Athletes were most satisfied with the meal service quality dimension and least satisfied with the food quality dimension. The food quality and staff/service issues dimensions were found to be the two predictors of overall foodservice satisfaction. Thus, more implementations should be taken to enhance the quality of foods and services at the cafeteria that catered for the athletes

Immunological studies of dna (pjwvacll) and surface display (r-stvacll) vaccine candidates expressing a synthetic mul tiepitope gene of mycobacterium tuberculosis in a prime boost strategy using a mouse model

Tuberculosis (TB) in humans is caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is still a major health problem worldwide. The only TB vaccine currently available is an attenuated strain of M. bovis; Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG). BCG demonstrated variable protective efficacies ranging from 0 to 80% in different field trials. BCG is effective at preventing childhood manifestation of TB but it does not prevent the most prevalent disease which is pulmonary TB in adults. DNA vaccination is an important new approach to the control of infectious agents and induces both humoral and cellular immune responses. Two previously constructed vaccine candidates, pJWVacll and r-STVacll were used in this study employing a prime-boost strategy. The naked DNA vaccine, pJWVacll was given intramuscularly to mice whilst the surface display vaccine, r-STVacll was given orally. Splenocytes from the vaccinated mice were tested for various immunological tests. The results showed that splenocytes from immunized mice were found to proliferate more aggressively when stimulated with the antigen (lnak-nVacll). Flow cytometric intracellular cytokine analysis of splenocytes from vaccinated mice also showed that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produce IL-2 and IFN-y following stimulation with the antigens. In the prime-boost approach, the study showed that mice primed with the naked DNA vaccine, pJWVacll and boosted with the surface display vaccine, r-STVacll is the best strategy to stimulate immune response in mice. As a conclusion, the data obtained from this study suggest that DNA vaccination in combination with surface display vaccination using prime-boost approach provides a new strategy for developing a candidate vaccine against TB

ETHER FUNCTIONALIZED IMIDAZOLIUM BASED IONIC LIQUIDS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE REMOVAL

The study has been done to produce [C2CN-2-DEEim][DOSS] and [C2CN-Pr-3- Pheim ][DOSS] and to prove the effect of ether towards viscosity and COz solubility. The process involves three sections. The first section is alkylation of propanenitrile imidazole, followed by section two by quaternization reaction to produce ether nitrile imidazole. In section three, metathesis reaction is done by mixing the ether nitrile imidazole with Sodium Dioctylsulfosuccinate (DOSS). The characterization of synthesized ionic liquids was conducted, namely Raman Analysis, water content, density, viscosity and thermogravimetry measurement. The thermo-physical and phase behavior properties .of the ionic liquids produced obey the theory which is the thermal stability ranges between 250°C to 500°C. It has been found that the ether incorporated in the ionic liquid have an effect towards the viscosity of the ionic liquid and the COz solibility. Aromatic ring in ether hinders the ionic liquid from achieving maximum COz absorbed. The objectives were successfully achieved

Strenght And Stress Analysis On Helicopter Rotor Blade Grip

The purpose of this thesis is to design, analyze and apply a spacer with a different materials to the unfilled gap of rotor blade grip for an ultra-light helicopter. The unfilled gap of the blade grip has to be occupied by the spacer in order to obtain the highest grip effectiveness towards the rotor blade. The absence of the spacer might be fine for certain length of rotor blade but it would be wasted if the efficiency of the rotor blade grip ability is not fully utilized. Therefore, these empty spaces of the blade grip are better to be filled in by some sort of materials as the fewer the empty space of the blade grip, the better the grip blade towards the rotor blade it will be. For this project, the chosen materials to fill the empty spaces are epoxy, car body filler and aluminium. The objective for these materials to be filled into the non occupied blade grip area are to act as a spacer (support) and making the blade position more rigid and compact. However, different materials has different strength thus producing different amount of blade grip effectiveness. In order to analyze and monitor each of the different materials behavior, a reliable test can be done. Software such as SOLIDWORKS is used because it offers a simulation test. From the simulation test, strength and stress can be analyzed by setting up a specific constraints and pre-conditions. Besides, it is important to verify the simulation analysis which can be obtained by taking the rotor blade tip deflection from the lab experiment and compared together with the simulation displacement results. As a reference, to have a better insight towards the simulation situation, the model has been setup according to cantilever support situation where it is free of external load except for gravitational force. In a nutshell, from the simulation results, it can be observed that aluminium spacer is the best material to enhance the blade grip effectiveness where all of the results are discussed in this thesis