Incidentally detected solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of pancreas in a child with an ovarian cyst: a case report

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN) are the most common as well as very rare pediatric tumors of the pancreas. Most of the literature is derived from adult SPNs. As per world health organization, these tumors considered as low grade malignant with excellent survival outcomes after complete surgical resection. We report a case of incidentally detected SPN in a 16-year-old female child with an ovarian cyst. She underwent pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy and ovarian cystectomy. Histopathology revealed well differentiated SPN of the pancreas head and ovarian cystadenoma. She is symptom-free at the 6th month follow up

Save cells before tooth replantation: A review

Avulsion is one of the most complex traumatic injury affecting both teeth and children. Avulsed teeth can be replanted. Treatment for avulsed teeth should include, pulp and periodontal ligament (PDL) cell management to increase the survival rate of these teeth. If immediate replantation is not possible, the clonicity and progenicity of the viable PDL cells can be maintained with the aid of suitable storage medium at the place of trauma. The incorrect use of a storage medium leads to PDL cell necrosis eventually resulting in ankylosis and replacement resorption of the tooth root. Due to the importance of the storage media in long-term prognosis of the avulsed teeth, an informed choice of a media is essential for a favorable outcome. This review discusses available storage media and their unique features along with pros and cons of each medium

DNA Binding and Photocleavage Studies of Cobalt(III) Ethylenediamine Pyridine Complexes: [Co(en)2(py)2]3+ and [Co(en)2(mepy)2]3+

Two novel cobalt(III) pyridine complexes (1) [Co(en)2(py)2]3+ and (2) [Co(en)2(mepy)2]3+ (en=ethylenediamine, py=pyridine, and mepy=methylpyridine) have been synthesized and characterized. The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA was investigated by absorption, emission spectroscopy, viscosity measurements, DNA melting, and DNA photocleavage. Results suggest that the two complexes bind to DNA via groove mode and complex 2 binds more strongly to CT DNA than complex 1. Moreover, these Co(III) complexes have been found to promote the photocleavage of plasmid DNA pBR322 under irradiation at 365 nm, cytotoxicity results of complexes are also showing anticancer activity

Novel glioblastoma markers with diagnostic and prognostic value identified through transcriptome analysis

Purpose: Current methods of classification of astrocytoma based on histopathologic methods are often subjective and less accurate. Although patients with glioblastoma have grave prognosis, significant variability in patient outcome is observed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify glioblastoma diagnostic and prognostic markers through microarray analysis. Experimental Design: We carried out transcriptome analysis of 25 diffusely infiltrating astrocytoma samples [WHO grade II - diffuse astrocytoma, grade III - anaplastic astrocytoma, and grade IV - glioblastoma (GBM)] using cDNA microarrays containing 18,981 genes. Several of the markers identified were also validated by real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR and immunohistochemical analysis on an independent set of tumor samples (n = 100). Survival analysis was carried out for two markers on another independent set of retrospective cases (n = 51). Results: We identified several differentially regulated grade-specific genes. Independent validation by real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis found growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible α (GADD45α) and follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) to be up-regulated in most GBMs (both primary and secondary), whereas superoxide dismutase 2 and adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 were up-regulated in the majority of primary GBM. Further, identification of the grade-specific expression of GADD45α and FSTL1 by immunohistochemical staining reinforced our findings. Analysis of retrospective GBM cases with known survival data revealed that cytoplasmic overexpression of GADD45α conferred better survival while the coexpression of FSTL1 with p53 was associated with poor survival. Conclusions: Our study reveals that GADD45α and FSTLI are GBM-specific whereas superoxide dismutase 2 and adipocyte enhancer binding protein 1 are primary GBM-specific diagnostic markers. Whereas GADD45α overexpression confers a favorable prognosis, FSTL1 overexpression is a hallmark of poor prognosis in GBM patients

Hydroimidazolone Modification of the Conserved Arg12 in Small Heat Shock Proteins: Studies on the Structure and Chaperone Function Using Mutant Mimics

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is an α-dicarbonyl compound present ubiquitously in the human body. MGO reacts with arginine residues in proteins and forms adducts such as hydroimidazolone and argpyrimidine in vivo. Previously, we showed that MGO-mediated modification of αA-crystallin increased its chaperone function. We identified MGO-modified arginine residues in αA-crystallin and found that replacing such arginine residues with alanine residues mimicked the effects of MGO on the chaperone function. Arginine 12 (R12) is a conserved amino acid residue in Hsp27 as well as αA- and αB-crystallin. When treated with MGO at or near physiological concentrations (2–10 µM), R12 was modified to hydroimidazolone in all three small heat shock proteins. In this study, we determined the effect of arginine substitution with alanine at position 12 (R12A to mimic MGO modification) on the structure and chaperone function of these proteins. Among the three proteins, the R12A mutation improved the chaperone function of only αA-crystallin. This enhancement in the chaperone function was accompanied by subtle changes in the tertiary structure, which increased the thermodynamic stability of αA-crystallin. This mutation induced the exposure of additional client protein binding sites on αA-crystallin. Altogether, our data suggest that MGO-modification of the conserved R12 in αA-crystallin to hydroimidazolone may play an important role in reducing protein aggregation in the lens during aging and cataract formation

Highlights From the Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society 2022

With more than 6000 attendees between in-person and virtual offerings, the American Epilepsy Society Meeting 2022 in Nashville, felt as busy as in prepandemic times. An ever-growing number of physicians, scientists, and allied health professionals gathered to learn a variety of topics about epilepsy. The program was carefully tailored to meet the needs of professionals with different interests and career stages. This article summarizes the different symposia presented at the meeting. Basic science lectures addressed the primary elements of seizure generation and pathophysiology of epilepsy in different disease states. Scientists congregated to learn about anti-seizure medications, mechanisms of action, and new tools to treat epilepsy including surgery and neurostimulation. Some symposia were also dedicated to discuss epilepsy comorbidities and practical issues regarding epilepsy care. An increasing number of patient advocates discussing their stories were intertwined within scientific activities. Many smaller group sessions targeted more specific topics to encourage member participation, including Special Interest Groups, Investigator, and Skills Workshops. Special lectures included the renown Hoyer and Lombroso, an ILAE/IBE joint session, a spotlight on the impact of Dobbs v. Jackson on reproductive health in epilepsy, and a joint session with the NAEC on coding and reimbursement policies. The hot topics symposium was focused on traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic epilepsy. A balanced collaboration with the industry allowed presentations of the latest pharmaceutical and engineering advances in satellite symposia

A new subclass of meromorphic functions with positive coefficients defined by Bessel function

In this paper, we introduce and study a new subclass of meromorphic univalent functions defined by Bessel function. We obtain coefficient inequalities, extreme points, radius of starlikeness and convexity. Finally we obtain partial sums and neighborhood properties for the class $ \sigma _p ^*( \eta , k, \lambda, \tau , c).

Design of 4x1 Circular Microstrip Patch Array Antenna for WLAN Applications

Microstrip patch antennas consists of a thin, flat rectangular or circular metallic patch, which is printed on a dielectric substrate, with a ground plane attached to the opposite side of patch upon substrate. The patch is connected to a coaxial cable or a microstrip transmission line and it emits electromagnetic waves into free space. This type of antenna is used in a variety of fields, including wireless communication, radar sensing, medical applications, and military applications. The antennas needed for these applications are lightweight, conveniently mountable, and have a wide bandwidth. The antenna with the microstrip array and with the edge feeding method has been designed. We had improved the antenna characteristics such as return loss, gain and directivity. It has a return loss of 27.9 dB at a resonance frequency of 2.45 GHz and is intended for a gain of 8.60db. The substrate consists of a dielectric material with a permittivity (Ԑr) of 4.4, a thickness of 1.6mm (about 0.06 in) and fed via an edge feed line method with a resistance of about 50 Ohm. This antenna can be applied to S-band applications like radar tracking, Weather updates. The tool we have used to design and evaluate the antenna’s characteristics is HFFS

Cytomorphometric analysis of obtained squames obtained from normal oral mucosa and lesions of oral submucous fibrosis

Introduction: The oral cavity is the site of many diseases. Not only dental, even medical professionals encounter a wide spectrum of oral mucosal lesions in their day-to-day clinical practice. An adequate diagnosis is essential as these lesions may vary in nature from simple to life threatening ones. As nuclear changes are the most important criteria for diagnosing precancerous and cancerous lesions and since no single structural change is diagnostic by itself, a combination of several abnormalities is always necessary. There are several studies in the literature that have used cell diameter (CD) and nuclear diameter (ND) parameters in morphometric analysis of cells. Application of quantitative techniques to smears obtained from oral premalignant lesions like oral submucous fibrosis could possibly improve the diagnostic value of oral exfoliative cytology. The cytological study of oral mucosal cells is simple, rapid and nonaggressive and relatively painless. It is thus well-accepted by patients and suitable for screening large population, for early analysis of suspect lesions. Materials and methods: Oral exfoliative smears were collected from 50 clinically confirmed cases of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and 50 control group. All cytological smears were fixed with commercially available spray fixative for 15 minutes and all the smears are stained with Papanicolaou′s (PAP) stain and with computer assistance, CD and ND was assessed. Results: The results showed decrease in CD in OSMF patients when compare to normal patients and increase in ND in OSMF patients when compare to normal patients. Interpretation and conclusion: The reduction in CD and increase in ND could be early indications toward a malignant change- Application of quantitative techniques to smears obtained from the buccal mucosa of the study groups could possibly improve the diagnostic value of oral exfoliative cytology