Sustaining Rural Livelihoods in Fragile Environments : Resource Endowments or Policy Interventions?

This paper primarily assesses the status of rural livelihoods in fragile environments with diverse resource endowments and policy interventions. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of resource enhancing policy interventions like watershed development in reducing resource endowment imbalances across villages and regions. Livelihood assessment was carried out using the sustainable rural livelihoods (SRL) framework in the fragile regions of Andhra Pradesh. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to assess the rural livelihoods covering all the 555 households in three sample villages. It is argued that resource endowments determine the level and dynamics of livelihoods at the household level rather than policy interventions per se. On the other hand, policy interventions, given the status and structure of the economy, only act as catalysts. Policies for strengthening the resource base are necessary but not sufficient to address the livelihood issues. In the present case it is shown that availability of water (irrigation) is more important than the recent policy interventions like watershed development for improving the livelihoods. Nevertheless, policy interventions towards human capital development (education, skills, etc) could be rewarding in the long run. Unless policies are directed towards bringing changes in natural resource endowments (especially water) at the household level, it is unlikely that the on going policy interventions would transform the rural livelihoods in the fragile environments.Rural livelihoods, resource endowments, watershed development, policy

Sustaining rural livelihoods in fragile environments: Resource endowments or policy interventions?

This paper primarily assesses the status of rural livelihoods in fragile environments with diverse resource endowments and policy interventions. The objective was to examine the effectiveness of resource enhancing policy interventions like watershed development in reducing resource endowment imbalances across villages and regions. Livelihood assessment was carried out using the sustainable rural livelihoods (SRL) framework in the fragile regions of Andhra Pradesh. Qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to assess the rural livelihoods covering all the 555 households in three sample villages.Rural livelihoods, resource endowments, watershed development, policy interventions, Andhra Pradesh

THE ROLE OF BUSINESS ANALYTICS IN E-COMMERCE

E-Commerce is a dynamic industry because of its rapidly changing technology.  E-commerce performs a vital role in business phenomena in trading products and services. It provides extraordinary features in the business growth of the country's economy.  E-Commerce firms are spending huge amounts of money on Data Analytics to extract actionable insights from larger datasets. Data-driven business insights are crucial for the E-Commerce sector to measure the changing market trends and consumer behavior. The business sector is grown-up to greater heights with the involvement of Data Analytics in E-Commerce. E-Commerce Analytics designed to analyze and predict the future trends of the market to attain a competitive advantage. However, E-Commerce may contain some critical challenges apart from the opportunities.  This paper highlights the role of Data Analytics perceived as a value creator for the E-Commerce industry to attain competitive advantage

Study of Normal Static Stresses Under an Excitation in Poroelastic Flat Slabs

AbstractBiot's theory of Poroelasticity is employed to investigate normal static stresses under an excitation in an infinite Poroelastic slabs of arbitrary thickness. The radial normal static stress is obtained, and in the neighborhood of the center, the same is investigated. It is seen that poroelastic parameters have greater influence over radial normal static stress. Numerical data is presented graphically and then discussed

Framework Quick Rfid Tag Reading in Dense Environments

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems provide a mechanism to automatically identify the objects and collect information about them. The main objective of RFID Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols is to provide an opportunity to RFID readers in identifying multiple tags successfully and efficiently. Several variants of ALOHA and Binary Tree Search protocols are being proposed in this area but they show acceptable performances only if limited number of tags are present in the RFID reader region as fairly low amount of data is going to be exchanged. Their performances degrade when large numbers of tags are present in the region because if multiple tags try to communicate with the reader at the same time, it leads to collisions. This problem becomes more complex in the case of mobile tags because of their limited time presence in the reader's region. In this research, we develop a framework which can be used in conjunction with most of the Framed Slotted ALOHA protocols. A new protocol, Accelerated Framed Slotted ALOHA (AFSA), which is a result of application of the framework with Enhanced Dynamic Frame Slotted ALOHA, not only tries to minimize the number of collisions but also minimizes the total wastage of bandwidth due to collisions and unoccupied slots. We show, through analysis and simulations, our approach gives better average tag reading time over existing models. We further extend our approach to mobile RFID systems where the tags move with a constant velocity in the reader's vicinity.Computer Science Departmen

A Comprehensive Analysis of Literature Reported Software Engineering Advancements Using AHP

The paper provides a various potential improvements in software engineering using analytic hierarchical processing (AHP). The presented work could support in assessing the selection of process, project, methods and tools depending on various situations encounter during software engineering. AHP belongs to Multi Criteria Decision making methods which seems to be a continuous research to solve critical and complex scientific and software engineering applications. This paper discusses existing key research contributions and their advancements in the areas of both software engineering and in combination of AHP with software engineering

4-[(4-Methyl­benz­yl)amino]-3-[(4-methyl­benz­yl)imino­meth­yl]-2H-chromen-2-one

The title compound, C26H24N2O2, was prepared from the reaction of 4-chloro-3-formyl­coumarin with p-methyl­benzyl­amine. Even though there are no strong and specific inter­actions in the crystal structure, the translationally related mol­ecules form chains along the b axis. The coumarin moieties are stacked through π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.5275 (7) Å], forming layers perpendicular to the stacking direction

A Study on Fish Classification Techniques using Convolutional Neural Networks on Highly Challenged Underwater Images

Underwater Fish Species Recognition (UFSR) has attained significance because of evolving research in underwater life. Manual techniques to distinguish fish can be tricky and tedious. They might require enormous inspecting endeavours, but they can be costly. It results in limited data and a lack of human resources, which may cause incorrect object identification. Automating the fish species detection and recognition utilizing technology would assist sea life science to evolve further. UFSR in wild natural habitats is difficult because the images open natural habitat, complex background, and low luminance. Species Visualization can assist us with deep knowledge of the movements of the species underwater. Automation systems can help to classify the fish accurately and consistently. Image classification has been emerging research with the advancement of deep learning systems. The reason is that the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) don't require explicit feature extraction methods. The vast majority of the current object detection and recognition mechanisms are based on images in the outdoor environment. This paper mainly reviews the strategies proposed in the past years for underwater fish detection and classification. Further, the paper also presents the classification of three different underwater datasets using CNN with evaluation metrics

DEVELOPMENT OF STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF AMBROXOL HYDROCHLORIDE AND LEVOCETIRIZINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE

A simple, precise and accurate method has been developed for simultaneous estimation of Ambroxol hydrochloride and Levocetirizine dihydrochloride. The proposed RP-HPLC method utilises Enable C18 G column (250 x 4.6mm, 5m), mobile phase consisting of Phosphate buffer pH 3.0: Methanol in the ratio of 20:80 (v/v) and UV detection at 236nm using a photodiode array detector. ambroxol hydrochloride and levocetirizine dihydrochloride were exposed to acidic, alkali, oxidative, thermal and photolytic stress conditions and the stressed samples were analysed by the proposed method. Peak homogeneity data of ambroxol hydrochloride and levocetirizine dihydrochloride in the stressed samples demonstrated the specificity of the method for their estimation in presence of degradants. The described method was linear over a range of 15 45 g/mL for ambroxol hydrochloride and 1 3 g/mL for levocetirizine dihydrochloride respectively. The method validation data showed excellent results for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and robustness. The present method can be successfully used for routine quality control and stability studies