DOSAGE RESPONSE OF PIMPINELLA TIRUPATIENSIS TUBEROUS ROOT EXTRACT ON HYPERGLYCEMIC CONDITION IN STZ- INDUCED DIABETIC RATS WITH REFERENCES TO SHORT AND LONG TERM TREATMENT

Objectives: To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of three extractions [n-Hexane (n-HE), ethyl alcohol (EAE) and aqueous extract (AE)] of Pimpinella tirupatiensis (Pt) tuberous root on the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level of rats during streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes.Methods: Experimental diabetes was induced by intra peritoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg b.w.). FBG level was determined at 0 hour (before extract [DS1] administration), 1st, 3rd 5th and 7th hour (after extract administration) by using electronic glucometer (accucheck).Results: We observed, AE showed a maximum efficacy with a dosage of 750 mg/ kg b.w. at 5th hour which is about 49% reduction in FBG level over zero time values. Hence, we have selected 750 mg dose of AE of Pt to investigate the long term effect on down regulation of blood glucose level. Oral administration of AE (750 mg/kg b.w./day) for 30 days showed a significant antihyperglycemic effect in diabetic rats. However, no significant changes were noticed in blood glucose level in normal rats treated with AE alone. It seems AE considerably reduced the blood glucose concentration in a similar manner to that of reference drug glibenclamide (20 mg/kg b.w.) in diabetic rats.Conclusion: These results suggest that Pimpinella tirupatiensis aqueous extract is beneficial in the control of diabetes by reduction of blood glucose levels

PO-230 Treadmill Running Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Malfunctioning of Intra- and Extra-Mitochondrial Enzymes in Liver of Aged Rats

Objective Alcohol consumption particularly at old age can cause severe liver damage through malfunctioning of vital organelles, including mitochondria. Exercise is known to improve the cellular functions against alcohol-induced adverse effects and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, whether exercise can promote mitochondrial function in old alcohol-fed rats remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of exercise training on intra- and extra-mitochondrial enzyme activities in alcohol/ethanol treated rats. Methods  Young (3-month, n=24) and old (18-month, n=24) Wistar albino rats were equally divided into control, exercise, ethanol and combination of exercise plus ethanol treated groups. Following treadmill exercise (23 m/min, 30 min/day 5-day/wk) and ethanol (2 g/kg b.w.) treatment for 2 months, cytosol and mitochondrial enzyme activities, triglycerides and phospholipids were estimated in the liver of young and old rats. Results We found ethanol intoxication significantly decreased (P<0.01) the hepatic intra- and extra-mitochondrial enzyme activities, including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in both young and old rats.  However, exercise training considerably reversed the loss of these enzyme activities, and further maintained above control levels in respective age groups. Restoration of mitochondrial marker enzymes (SDH and GDH) with exercise against ethanol-loss was prominent in young compared to old rats, which indicates old rats are prone to alcohol-induced adverse effects. Alcohol-induced elevated LDH levels in both ages were slightly decreased by exercise plus ethanol treatment. We further noticed that amplified triglycerides and phospholipids were substantially decreased following treadmill exercise in both age groups. Decreased triglycerides level with exercise was prominent in young alcohol-fed rats than that of old. Conclusions Our results imply that 2-month treadmill exercise training effectively ameliorated the ruined cytosol and mitochondrial enzyme activities in young and old ethanol-fed rats. Improved mitochondrial enzymes and decreased triglycerides with exercise training may protect the alcohol-induced liver damage. &nbsp

HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI ALKALOID FRACTION IN D–GALACTOSAMINE INDUCED HEPATITIS IN RATS

Objective: The current study was designed to explore the hepatoprotective activity of Phyllanthus niruri (PN) alkaloid fraction in induced hepatitis in rats.Methods: The rats are divided into 5 groups as per the experimental design. Pre alkaloid treatment of PN was given to the hepatitis rats for 21 d. After completion of the treatment, the serum was collected, and biochemical analysis was carried out. The hepatic markers like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, bilirubin (BL) urea (UR), creatinine (CR) levels are estimated in serum.Results: ALT, AST activities, BL, CR levels are increased, and UR levels are decreased in hepatitis rats. However with PN alkaloid fraction pre-treatment all these hepatic markers significantly (P<0.01) came back to near normal levels. Histopathological studies also prove that PN protected the hepatic tissue from hepatitis.Conclusion: The outcome of the present study showed that the alkaloid fraction of PN possesses hepatoprotective effect in hepatitis rats.Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri, Hepatitis, Liver marker

Assessment of Potential Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Fraction Separated from Acalypha Indica Leaves: An In vitro Approach

ABSTRACT The free radicals are generated in normal cellular metabolic events .However they may be produced more in disease conditions when they directly interact with the bio molecules are dangerous to the normal life because they alter genetic material. Free radicals induce permanent modifications in genetic material that may lead to mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and aging. The prevention or treatment of diseases has direct link with antioxidants which can reduce the effect of free radicals. The phenolic compounds are functionally potent antioxidants and they have the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS)/ reactive nitrogen species(RNS), suppress the ROS/RNS formation by inhibiting relevant enzymes, chelates trace metal elements responsible for free radical generation and up regulates or protects the antioxidant defense system. In this study, we attempted for the separation of Polyphenolic fraction from Acalypha indica leaves and tested for its antioxidant activity employing DPPH, H2O2 assays and also to assess its reducing power, total antioxidant power. The outcome of the results from this study showed that Polyphenolic fraction from the Acalypha indica leaves scavenges the in vitro free radicals to their stable forms such as DPPH radical to DPPH, Mo (VI) to Mo (V), ferric cyanide complex to ferrous form and hydrogen peroxide to water. The polyphenolic fraction has the reduction power against free radicals which suggests further studies to take up in in vivo for the treatment of various diseases due to free radicals generation

Effect of methanolic extract of Ventilago maderaspatana leaves on liver function markers and histopathology of liver tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Aim: The liver is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress brought on by hyperglycemia since it is the main tissue. In order to better understand how Ventilago maderaspatana leaf methanolic extract (MEVML) affects liver function markers and the histology of liver tissue in STZ-induced diabetic rats, this study looked into the hepatoprotective potential of MEVML. Method: A single STZ dose of 50 mg/kg body weight was given to the animals to cause diabetes. All of the experimental groups' serum was tested for levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and urea content. Results: The results revealed a marked increase in the serum levels of urea, ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT activity. The results of MEVML treatment, however, were equivalent to those of glibenclamide treatment in that they led to a decline in the activity of ALT, ALP, AST, GGT, and urea content in the diabetic group of rats. Furthermore, diabetic rats' liver tissue showed considerable histological alterations. However, treatment with Ventilago maderaspatana methanolic leaf extract and glibenclamide considerably reduced these histological alterations. Conclusion: Overall, the findings of our study show that MEVML reduces liver function biomarkers and restores the architecture of hepatic tissue to reduce hepatic tissue damage under diabetes stress conditions