Review on Slip Transmission Criteria in Experiments and Crystal Plasticity Models

A comprehensive overview is given of the literature on slip transmission criteria for grain boundaries in metals, with a focus on slip system and grain boundary orientation. Much of this extensive literature has been informed by experimental investigations. The use of geometric criteria in continuum crystal plasticity models is discussed. The theoretical framework of Gurtin (2008, J. Mech. Phys. Solids 56, p. 640) is reviewed for the single slip case. This highlights the connections to slip transmission criteria from the literature that are not discussed in the work itself. Different geometric criteria are compared for the single slip case with regard to their prediction of slip transmission. Perspectives on additional criteria, investigated in experiments and used in computational simulations, are given.Comment: in Journal of Materials Science, 201

Application of MFFC and Edge Detection for Remote Driven Vehicles Through Matlab

Speech recognition is a rapidly emerging technology in Human Computer Interaction HCI. It has many applications as we use it from search engines to the device control it serves many areas we interact every day from dawn to dusk. Along with the uses we have many limitations in speech processing such as Language barrier, Accent and Noise, so to implement the speech processing we have many challenges. To enable the advantages of this speech processing most of the leading software companies like Apple, Microsoft and Google are continuously evolving their speech enabled applications. The speech processing eases the physically challenged people's interaction with the devices and makes them productive. The Idea of the automatically driven cars is introduced by Google and Audi, but they are not acceptable in most of the cases because of lacking trust in current technology. Thus we here worked on the remote driven vehicle in a more secured method using the Mel Frequency cepstral Coefficient. The secure driving of the vehicle can be ensured by the remote driver. This technique is very rapid and more reliable for the speech detection thus the remote driver can use the MFCC and the video from the vehicle needed to be broadcasted to the remote driver that can be done an IP camera running on a data network. And the instructions can from the remote driver can be sent to the vehicle by an app created with python that connected to a micro controller. To minimize the limitations in the remote drive the vehicle must be enabled with automatic braking when obstacle approaches which can be done by the Ultrasonic sensors that do the distance estimation. The remote drivers usually have a very limited view of road they drive and they must get the precise edges of the road this can be achieved by processing the stream of images to calculate the edge in Matlab

Numerical Toy-Model Calculation of the Nucleon Spin Autocorrelation Function in a Supernova Core

We develop a simple model for the evolution of a nucleon spin in a hot and dense nuclear medium. A given nucleon is limited to one-dimensional motion in a distribution of external, spin-dependent scattering potentials. We calculate the nucleon spin autocorrelation function numerically for a variety of potential densities and distributions which are meant to bracket realistic conditions in a supernova core. For all plausible configurations the width of the spin-density structure function is found to be less than the temperature. This is in contrast with a naive perturbative calculation based on the one-pion exchange potential which overestimates the width and thus suggests a large suppression of the neutrino opacities by nucleon spin fluctuations. Our results suggest that it may be justified to neglect the collisional broadening of the spin-density structure function for the purpose of estimating the neutrino opacities in the deep inner core of a supernova. On the other hand, we find no indication that processes such as axion or neutrino pair emission, which depend on nucleon spin fluctuations, are substantially suppressed beyond the multiple-scattering effect already discussed in the literature. Aside from these practical conclusions, our model reveals a number of interesting and unexpected insights. For example, the spin-relaxation rate saturates with increasing potential strength only if bound states are not allowed to form by including a repulsive core. There is no saturation with increasing density of scattering potentials until localized eigenstates of energy begin to form.Comment: 14 latex pages in two-column format, 15 postscript figures included, uses revtex.sty and epsf.sty. Submitted to Physical Review

Neutrino Opacities in Neutron Stars with Kaon Condensates

The neutrino mean free paths in hot neutron-star matter are obtained in the presence of kaon condensates. The kaon-induced neutrino absorption process, which is allowed only in the presence of kaon condensates, is considered for both nondegenerate and degenerate neutrinos. The neutrino mean free path due to this process is compared with that for the neutrino-nucleon scattering. While the mean free path for the kaon-induced neutrino absorption process is shown to be shorter than the ordinary two-nucleon absorption process by several orders of magnitude when temperature is not very high, the neutrino-nucleon scattering process has still a dominant contribution to the neutrino opacity. Thus, the kaon-induced neutrino absorption process has a minor effect on the thermal and dynamical evolution of protoneutron stars.Comment: 35 pages, 4 figure

11–23% Cr steels for solid oxide fuel cell interconnect applications at 800 \ub0C – How the coating determines oxidation kinetics

The present work investigates the low-cost steels AISI 441, AISI 430, and AISI 444 against the tailor-made high Cr steel Crofer 22 APU (22.9 wt% Cr) at 800 \ub0C in simulated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode conditions. Furthermore, a low Cr steel, AISI 409 (11.4 wt% Cr) is included in the study. The oxidation, chromium evaporation, and area-specific resistance (ASR) of the uncoated and Ce/Co-coated steels are studied for up to 3000 h. Ce/Co-coated steels showed significant improvement in behaviour compared to their uncoated counterparts. The oxidation and chromium evaporation behaviour between the uncoated steels varied substantially while the Ce/Co coated steels exhibited highly similar behaviour. The area-specific resistance of the coated low-cost steels was on par with Crofer 22 APU. However, 430 formed a continuous silica layer, resulting in a higher ASR after 3000 h. Cross-sections of the uncoated and Ce/Co-coated steels were analysed using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

Many-Body Corrections to Charged-Current Neutrino Absorption Rates in Nuclear Matter

Including nucleon--nucleon correlations due to both Fermi statistics and nuclear forces, we have developed a general formalism for calculating the charged--current neutrino--nucleon absorption rates in nuclear matter. We find that at one half nuclear density many--body effects alone suppress the rates by a factor of two and that the suppression factors increase to $\sim$5 at $4\times10^{14}$ g cm$^{-3}$. The associated increase in the neutrino--matter mean--free--paths parallels that found for neutral--current interactions and opens up interesting possibilities in the context of the delayed supernova mechanism and protoneutron star cooling.Comment: 11 pages, APS REVTeX format, 1 PostScript figure, uuencoded compressed, and tarred, submitted to Physical Review Letter

Reversal of hepatorenal syndrome type 1 with terlipressin plus albumin vs. placebo plus albumin in a pooled analysis of the OT-0401 and REVERSE randomised clinical studies

Background The goal of hepatorenal syndrome type 1 (HRS-1) treatment is to improve renal function. Terlipressin, a synthetic vasopressin analogue, is a systemic vasoconstrictor used for the treatment of HRS-1, where it is available. Aim To compare the efficacy of terlipressin plus albumin vs. placebo plus albumin in patients with HRS-1. Methods Pooled patient-level data from two large phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled studies were analysed for HRS reversal [serum creatinine (SCr) value ≤133 μmol/L], 90-day survival, need for renal replacement therapy and predictors of HRS reversal. Patients received intravenous terlipressin 1–2 mg every 6 hours plus albumin or placebo plus albumin up to 14 days. Results The pooled analysis comprised 308 patients (terlipressin: n = 153; placebo: n = 155). HRS reversal was significantly more frequent with terlipressin vs. placebo (27% vs. 14%; P = 0.004). Terlipressin was associated with a more significant improvement in renal function from baseline until end of treatment, with a mean between-group difference in SCr concentration of −53.0 μmol/L (P \u3c 0.0001). Lower SCr, lower mean arterial pressure and lower total bilirubin and absence of known precipitating factors for HRS were independent predictors of HRS reversal and longer survival in terlipressin-treated patients. Conclusions Terlipressin plus albumin resulted in a significantly higher rate of HRS reversal vs. albumin alone in patients with HRS-1. Terlipressin treatment is associated with improved renal function

Charged and superconducting vortices in dense quark matter

Quark matter at astrophysical densities may contain stable vortices due to the spontaneous breaking of hypercharge symmetry by kaon condensation. We argue that these vortices could be both charged and electrically superconducting. Current carrying loops (vortons) could be long lived and play a role in the magnetic and transport properties of this matter. We provide a scenario for vorton formation in protoneutron stars.Comment: Replaced with the published version. A typographical error in Eq. 2 is correcte

The Mass-Metallicity Relation at z~2

We use a sample of 87 rest-frame UV-selected star-forming galaxies with mean spectroscopic redshift z=2.26 to study the correlation between metallicity and stellar mass at high redshift. Using stellar masses determined from SED fitting to 0.3-8 micron photometry, we divide the sample into six bins in stellar mass, and construct six composite H-alpha+[NII] spectra from all of the objects in each bin. We estimate the mean oxygen abundance in each bin from the [NII]/H-alpha ratio, and find a monotonic increase in metallicity with increasing stellar mass, from 12+log(O/H) = 2.7e9 Msun to 12+log(O/H) = 8.6 for galaxies with = 1e11 Msun. We use the empirical relation between star formation rate density and gas density to estimate the gas fractions of the galaxies, finding an increase in gas fraction with decreasing stellar mass. These gas fractions combined with the observed metallicities allow the estimation of the effective yield y_eff as a function of stellar mass; in constrast to observations in the local universe which show a decrease in y_eff with decreasing baryonic mass, we find a slight increase. Such a variation of metallicity with gas fraction is best fit by a model with supersolar yield and an outflow rate ~4 times higher than the star formation rate. We conclude that the mass-metallicity relation at high redshift is driven by the increase in metallicity as the gas fraction decreases through star formation, and is likely modulated by metal loss from strong outflows in galaxies of all masses. There is no evidence for preferential loss of metals from low mass galaxies as has been suggested in the local universe. [Abridged]Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables; accepted for publication in Ap

Olivine or Impact Melt: Nature of the "Orange" Material on Vesta from Dawn

NASA's Dawn mission observed a great variety of colored terrains on asteroid (4) Vesta during its survey with the Framing Camera (FC). Here we present a detailed study of the orange material on Vesta, which was first observed in color ratio images obtained by the FC and presents a red spectral slope. The orange material deposits can be classified into three types, a) diffuse ejecta deposited by recent medium-size impact craters (such as Oppia), b) lobate patches with well-defined edges, and c) ejecta rays from fresh-looking impact craters. The location of the orange diffuse ejecta from Oppia corresponds to the olivine spot nicknamed "Leslie feature" first identified by Gaffey (1997) from ground-based spectral observations. The distribution of the orange material in the FC mosaic is concentrated on the equatorial region and almost exclusively outside the Rheasilvia basin. Our in-depth analysis of the composition of this material uses complementary observations from FC, the visible and infrared spectrometer (VIR), and the Gamma Ray and Neutron Detector (GRaND). Combining the interpretations from the topography, geomorphology, color and spectral parameters, and elemental abundances, the most probable analog for the orange material on Vesta is impact melt