Nachhaltigkeit und Wirksamkeit in der AKBP: Projektsteuerung in volatilen Kontexten

Die Akteure der Auswärtigen Kultur- und Bildungspolitik (AKBP) stehen vor der Herausforderung, dass der Kontext ihres Handelns immer auch in Interaktion mit komplexen, dynamischen Politik- und Sozialzusammenhängen steht. Da diese Kontextbedingungen die Wirksamkeit und Nachhaltigkeit von Aktivitäten und Projekten beeinflussen können, ist es erforderlich im Rahmen der Projektsteuerung Informationen über diese Kontextbedingungen zu generieren. Besonders die Projektarbeit in volatilen Kontexten kann von einer solchen umfassenden Wirkungsbeobachtung profitieren, da sich hier gesellschaftliche Systeme besonders schnell und tiefgreifend ändern können. Vor diesem Hintergrund sollen in diesem ifa Input die folgenden Fragen beantwortet werden: Welche Instrumente verwenden die Mittlerorganisationen der AKBP für die Planung und Steuerung? Welchen Ansatz verfolgen diese Instrumente, um Monitoring sowie Wirkungs- und Fortschrittsanalyse von AKBP-Maßnahmen zu gewährleisten? Welche neueren Ansätze gibt es für Wirkungsmodelle, Bewertungs- und Entscheidungsgrundlagen im Hinblick auf eine Anwendung in der AKBP? Bei der letzten Frage soll zudem die Übertragbarkeit von in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit eingesetzten Instrumenten geprüft werden

Artificial intelligence and software engineering: Status and future trends

The disciplines of Artificial Intelligence and Software Engineering have many commonalities. Both deal with modeling real world objects from the real world like business processes, expert knowledge, or process models. This article gives a short overview about these disciplines and describes some current research topics against the background of common points of contact

German federal-state-wide seroprevalence study of 1st SARS-CoV-2 pandemic wave shows importance of long-term antibody test performance

Background Reliable data on the adult SARS-CoV-2 infection fatality rate in Germany are still scarce. We performed a federal state-wide cross-sectional seroprevalence study named SaarCoPS, that is representative for the adult population including elderly individuals and nursing home residents in the Saarland. Methods Serum was collected from 2940 adults via stationary or mobile teams during the 1st pandemic wave steady state period. We selected an antibody test system with maximal specificity, also excluding seroreversion effects due to a high longitudinal test performance. For the calculations of infection and fatality rates, we accounted for the delays of seroconversion and death after infection. Results Using a highly specific total antibody test detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses over more than 180 days, we estimate an adult infection rate of 1.02% (95% CI: [0.64; 1.44]), an underreporting rate of 2.68-fold (95% CI: [1.68; 3.79]) and infection fatality rates of 2.09% (95% CI: (1.48; 3.32]) or 0.36% (95% CI: [0.25; 0.59]) in all adults including elderly individuals, or adults younger than 70 years, respectively. Conclusion The study highlights the importance of study design and test performance for seroprevalence studies, particularly when seroprevalences are low. Our results provide a valuable baseline for evaluation of future pandemic dynamics and impact of public health measures on virus spread and human health in comparison to neighbouring countries such as Luxembourg or France

Proton Radiation Hardness of Perovskite Tandem Photovoltaics.

Monolithic [Cs0.05(MA0. 17FA0. 83)0.95]Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (perovskite/CIGS) tandem solar cells promise high performance and can be processed on flexible substrates, enabling cost-efficient and ultra-lightweight space photovoltaics with power-to-weight and power-to-cost ratios surpassing those of state-of-the-art III-V semiconductor-based multijunctions. However, to become a viable space technology, the full tandem stack must withstand the harsh radiation environments in space. Here, we design tailored operando and ex situ measurements to show that perovskite/CIGS cells retain over 85% of their initial efficiency even after 68 MeV proton irradiation at a dose of 2 × 1012 p+/cm2. We use photoluminescence microscopy to show that the local quasi-Fermi-level splitting of the perovskite top cell is unaffected. We identify that the efficiency losses arise primarily from increased recombination in the CIGS bottom cell and the nickel-oxide-based recombination contact. These results are corroborated by measurements of monolithic perovskite/silicon-heterojunction cells, which severely degrade to 1% of their initial efficiency due to radiation-induced recombination centers in silicon.F.L. acknowledges financial support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation via the Feodor Lynen program and thanks Prof. Sir R. Friend for supporting his Fellowship at the Cavendish Laboratory. This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (HYPERION, grant agreement number 756962). M.J, A.A.A., E.K., and S.A. acknowledge financial support from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) via program “Materialforschung für die Energiewende” (grant no. 03SF0540), by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) through the ‘PersiST’ project (Grant No. 0324037C). T.B. C.A.K. and R.S. acknowledge funding by BMWi through the speedCIGS (grant no. 0324095E) and EFFCIS project (grant no. 0324076D). D.K. and M.C. acknowledge financial support from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, via The Top-consortia Knowledge and Innovation (TKI) Program ‘‘Photovoltaic modules based on a p-i-n stack, manufactured on a roll-to-roll line featuring high efficiency, stability and strong market perspective’’ (PVPRESS) (TEUE118010) and “Bridging the voltage gap” (BRIGHT) (1721101). K. F. acknowledges the George and Lilian Schiff Fund, the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), the Winton Sustainability Fellowship, and the Cambridge Trust for funding. S.D.S. acknowledges the Royal Society and Tata Group (UF150033). The authors acknowledge the EPSRC for funding (EP/R023980/1). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 841265. A.R.B. acknowledges funding from a Winton Studentship, Oppenheimer Studentship, and funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) Doctoral Training Centre in Photovoltaics (CDT-PV). K.G. acknowledges the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the Mobilnosc Plus program (Grant No. 1603/MOB/V/2017/0)

Improving knowledge acquisition in capstone projects using learning spaces for experiential learning

Students have to cope with new technologies, changing environments, and conflicting changes in capstone projects. They often lack practical experience, which might lead to failing to achieve a project's learning goals. Reusing experiences from other students provides a first step towards building up practical knowledge and implementing experiential learning in higher education. In order to further improve knowledge acquisition during experience reuse, we present an approach that generates so-called learning spaces, which automatically enrich experiences with additional learning content and contextual information. To evaluate our approach, we conducted a controlled experiment that showed a statistically significant improvement for knowledge acquisition by 204% compared to conventional experience descriptions. From a technical perspective, the approach provides a good basis for future applications that support learning at the workplace in academia and industry