50 research outputs found
CluTCh invESTmEnT in ThE ChilEan SwallOw (TaChyCineTa meyeni) ShifTS wiTh TimE Of brEEding and pOSiTiOn in ThE SEquEnCE Of laying
abstract. within a population, the sizes of eggs and clutches vary, and the combination of both determines a female's reproductive investment. we investigated females' investment in clutches of the Chilean Swallow (Tachycineta meyeni) at the southern limit of its range, where it breeds in an extreme climate. we analyzed variation in clutch, egg and yolk size in relation to the female's condition, date of laying, and position in the sequence of laying. as predicted by energy/nutrient constraints, clutch size and yolk size decreased over the breeding season, though egg mass increased. females' investment strategy differed with clutch size: their investment in eggs increased with each successive egg in clutches of 4 and 5 eggs but decreased with each successive egg in clutches of 3 eggs. Eggs that were heavier for their size were more likely to hatch than eggs light for their size. females may make a strategic decision, with high investment in eggs laid early resulting in a short sequence (small clutch) and delayed investment resulting in a long sequence (large clutch). alternatively, the shift in clutch investment may simply be a consequence of physiology. better estimates of female body condition are needed for these options to be distinguished. Key words: egg size, laying order, clutch size, reproductive investment, Tachycineta meyeni. la inversi贸n en la puesta en Tachycineta meyeni var铆a a lo largo de la Estaci贸n reproductiva y con el Orden de puesta Resumen. El tama帽o del huevo y el tama帽o de la puesta var铆an dentro de una poblaci贸n y la combinaci贸n de ambos determina la inversi贸n reproductiva por parte de las hembras. investigamos la inversi贸n en la puesta por parte de las hembras de Tachycineta meyeni que nidifican en un sitio con condiciones clim谩ticas adversas en el extremo m谩s austral de su distribuci贸n. analizamos la variaci贸n en el tama帽o de la puesta, del huevo y de la yema en relaci贸n a la condici贸n corporal de la hembra, a la fecha de puesta y a la posici贸n en la secuencia de puesta. acorde a lo predicho por restricciones energ茅ticas/nutricionales, el tama帽o de la puesta y de la yema disminuyeron a lo largo de la estaci贸n reproductiva, pero la masa del huevo aument贸. la estrategia de inversi贸n de las hembras difiri贸 seg煤n el tama帽o de la puesta: la inversi贸n en los huevos aument贸 con el orden de puesta en puestas de cuatro y cinco huevos y disminuy贸 con el orden de puesta en puestas de tres huevos. huevos pesados para su tama帽o tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de eclosi贸n que huevos livianos para su tama帽o. las hembras podr铆an estar tomando una decisi贸n estrat茅gica, con una mayor inversi贸n al comienzo de la secuencia de puesta lo que resultar铆a en una secuencia corta (nidada peque帽a) o retrasando la inversi贸n lo que resultar铆a en una secuencia larga (nidada grande). alternativamente, los cambios en la inversi贸n en la puesta podr铆an ser simplemente una consecuencia fisiol贸gica. Es necesario obtener o una mejor estimaci贸n de la condici贸n corporal de las hembras para poder diferenciar entre estas dos alternativas
Genetic structure reveals management units for the yellow cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata), endangered by habitat loss and illegal trapping
The yellow cardinal, Gubernatrix cristata, is an endangered passerine from southern South America. Populations are declining due to the loss of their natural habitat, which has caused a fragmented distribution, and the continuous extraction of individuals from the wild, mainly males, to sell them as cage birds. In this study, we assess the genetic variability of remaining yellow cardinal鈥檚 populations and determine whether these populations represent independent management units. We found that the degree of geographic isolation of the remaining populations parallels the genetic differentiation of these populations for both mitochondrial and nuclear markers, and supports the delimitation of four management units for the yellow cardinal (three in Argentina and one in Uruguay). Assignment tests showed that geographic genetic differentiation can be used to assign seized individuals from illegal pet trade to their original populations and thus manage their release.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse