Added functions of leather surface by Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles use and some considerations on their cytotoxicity

Content: Nanoparticles showed a huge potential for new properties development in many economic sectors like electronics, medicine, textile, waste water treatment etc. The modification of surface functionality by using low concentrations of nanomaterials opens the possibility of lowering the ecological impact of chemical materials based on volatile organic compounds. The objectives of our research were related to the use of commercial nanoparticles based on Ag and TiO2 with average particle size of 8 nm for leather surface functionalization and the investigation of the cytotoxicological impact of nanoparticle concentrations on human skin cells. The practical implications of the approach consist of multifunctional leather surface development, leather durability and comfort increase by generating antimicrobial and self-cleaning properties. The relation between leather functionality and the cytotoxicity concentration limit of nanomaterials was the hypothesis of our research. The main procedures for leather surface covering followed the classical recipes based on surface spraying with film forming composites with nanoparticle content. The optimized technology was evaluated by leather surface analyses regarding the antimicrobial (SR EN ISO 20645) and self-cleaning properties under UV and visible light exposure as compared to leather surface covered without nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity tests were performed by incubation of keratinocytes (Human immortalized keratinocytes-HaCaT) with different concentrations of nanoparticles for 48 hours and measurement of cell viability by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay protocol. Other tests were devoted to leather wearing simulation in order to estimate the potential transfer of nanoparticles on human skin and the health and safety impact. These simulations were based on rubbing test (SR EN ISO 11640) followed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analyses and by leachability tests (SR EN ISO 4098) performed in artificial perspiration solution followed by inductively coupled plasma -mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses, according to SR EN ISO 17294-2 and SR EN ISO 16171. The main conclusions of our research showed that it is possible to add multifunctional value to leather surface by using Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles with low impact on safety and health. Acknowledgements: The works were funded by UEFISCDI and MCI, project number PNIII_15/2015-2018 under the frame of SIINN, the ERA-NET for a Safe Implementation of Innovative Nanoscience and Nanotechnology program and respectively, PN 19 XX 05 01 project/2019 under Nucleus program TEX-PELVISION 2022 Take-Away: - antimicrobial and self-cleanning nanoparticles for leather surface finishing - Ag and TiO2 nanoparticle cytotoxicity tests for human skin cells - multifunctional surface properties with low cytotoxicological impac

Added functions of leather surface by Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles use and some considerations on their cytotoxicity

Content: Nanoparticles showed a huge potential for new properties development in many economic sectors like electronics, medicine, textile, waste water treatment etc. The modification of surface functionality by using low concentrations of nanomaterials opens the possibility of lowering the ecological impact of chemical materials based on volatile organic compounds. The objectives of our research were related to the use of commercial nanoparticles based on Ag and TiO2 with average particle size of 8 nm for leather surface functionalization and the investigation of the cytotoxicological impact of nanoparticle concentrations on human skin cells. The practical implications of the approach consist of multifunctional leather surface development, leather durability and comfort increase by generating antimicrobial and self-cleaning properties. The relation between leather functionality and the cytotoxicity concentration limit of nanomaterials was the hypothesis of our research. The main procedures for leather surface covering followed the classical recipes based on surface spraying with film forming composites with nanoparticle content. The optimized technology was evaluated by leather surface analyses regarding the antimicrobial (SR EN ISO 20645) and self-cleaning properties under UV and visible light exposure as compared to leather surface covered without nanoparticles. The cytotoxicity tests were performed by incubation of keratinocytes (Human immortalized keratinocytes-HaCaT) with different concentrations of nanoparticles for 48 hours and measurement of cell viability by MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay protocol. Other tests were devoted to leather wearing simulation in order to estimate the potential transfer of nanoparticles on human skin and the health and safety impact. These simulations were based on rubbing test (SR EN ISO 11640) followed by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analyses and by leachability tests (SR EN ISO 4098) performed in artificial perspiration solution followed by inductively coupled plasma -mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses, according to SR EN ISO 17294-2 and SR EN ISO 16171. The main conclusions of our research showed that it is possible to add multifunctional value to leather surface by using Ag and TiO2 nanoparticles with low impact on safety and health. Acknowledgements: The works were funded by UEFISCDI and MCI, project number PNIII_15/2015-2018 under the frame of SIINN, the ERA-NET for a Safe Implementation of Innovative Nanoscience and Nanotechnology program and respectively, PN 19 XX 05 01 project/2019 under Nucleus program TEX-PELVISION 2022 Take-Away: - antimicrobial and self-cleanning nanoparticles for leather surface finishing - Ag and TiO2 nanoparticle cytotoxicity tests for human skin cells - multifunctional surface properties with low cytotoxicological impac

Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in monocytes/macrophages is blocked by liposomal delivery of Gi-protein inhibitor

Monica Madalina Tucureanu,1,* Daniela Rebleanu,1,* Cristina Ana Constantinescu,1,2 Mariana Deleanu,3,4 Geanina Voicu,1 Elena Butoi,1 Manuela Calin,1 Ileana Manduteanu1 1Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania; 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania; 3Department of Lipidomics, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania; 4Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania *These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widely recognized as a potent activator of monocytes/macrophages, and its effects include an altered production of key mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The involvement of Gi protein in mediating LPS effects has been demonstrated in murine macrophages and various cell types of human origin. Purpose: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential of a Gi-protein inhibitor encapsulated in liposomes in reducing the inflammatory effects induced by LPS in monocytes/macrophages. Materials and methods: Guanosine 5´-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GOT), a guanosine diphosphate analog that completely inhibits G-protein activation by guanosine triphosphate and its analogs, was encapsulated into liposomes and tested for anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated THP1 monocytes or THP1-derived macrophages. The viability of monocytes/macrophages after incubation with different concentrations of free GOT or liposome-encapsulated GOT was assessed by MTT assay. MAPK activation and production of IL1β, TNFα, IL6, and MCP1 were assessed in LPS-activated monocytes/macrophages in the presence or absence of free or encapsulated GOT. In addition, the effect of free or liposome-encapsulated GOT on LPS-stimulated monocyte adhesion to activated endothelium and on monocyte chemotaxis was evaluated. Results: We report here that GOT-loaded liposomes inhibited activation of MAPK and blocked the production of the cytokines IL1β, TNFα, IL6, and MCP1 induced by LPS in monocytes and macrophages. Moreover, GOT encapsulated in liposomes reduced monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis. All demonstrated events were in contrast with free GOT, which showed reduced or no effect on monocyte/macrophage activation with LPS. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potential of liposomal GOT in blocking LPS proinflammatory effects in monocytes/macrophages. Keywords: guanosine 5´-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GOT), MAPK activation, cytokine, monocyte adhesion, chemotaxi