Some Facts About Plant Breeding, 1930-1970

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From the Ground Up: Establishing Strong Core Policies for Infants, Toddlers, and Families

Because the earliest years of life are a period of incredible growth, they present an opportunity to shape strong and positive development. Good health, secure and stable families, and positive early learning environments are necessary to foster children's physical, intellectual, and social-emotional development during this significant period. Yet many young children and parents in the United States lack the needed resources to thrive, putting them at greater risk of material hardship, chronic stress, and poor health. Federal and state policies can support vulnerable families and provide a buffer against stress and instability, but most existing programs lack sufficient resources to reach the largenumbers of families who could benefit. Federal and state policymakers must be mindful of the unique needs of infants, toddlers, and families as they consider the policies and investments necessary to change the trajectories for our youngest children

Schrifttradition digital: Rituell reine Torarollen in der jüdischen Diaspora

Mittelalterliche Torarollen und -fragmente stellen das komplexe Forschungsobjekt unserer Arbeit dar, wobei unterschiedliche Perspektiven beleuchtet werden. Eine umfangreiche und standardisierte Erfassung und Datensammlung der Torarollen und weitreichender Sekundärliteratur sowie die damit verbundene Edition bilden einen zentralen Baustein. Dabei liegt ein besonderes Augenmerk auf Besonderheiten im Schriftbild der hebräischen Buchstaben. Um diesem komplexen Vorhaben gerecht zu werden, verlangt es nach einer neuen digitalen Forschungsmethodik, die im Rahmen der Präsentation vorgestellt werden soll. Sowohl die einheitlichen Erfassungs- und Editionsrichtlinien als auch die zugrundeliegende digitale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur sowie die verwendeten methodischen Werkzeuge werden erläutert und anhand eines Fallbeispiels vorgezeigt. Des Weiteren wird gezeigt, wie dieser neue methodische Zugang vielfältige Möglichkeiten zu neuen Erkenntnissen, Verknüpfungen von Zusammenhängen und metaphysischen Analysen von Torarollen bietet. Ein Beitrag zur 9. Tagung des Verbands "Digital Humanities im deutschsprachigen Raum" - DHd 2023 Open Humanities Open Culture

The Microtubule-Targeting Agent Pretubulysin Impairs the Inflammatory Response in Endothelial Cells by a JNK-Dependent Deregulation of the Histone Acetyltransferase Brd4

The anti-inflammatory effects of depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agents on leukocytes are known for a long time, but the potential involvement of the vascular endothelium and the underlying mechanistic basis is still largely unclear. Using the recently synthesized depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agent pretubulysin, we investigated the antiinflammatory potential of pretubulysin and other microtubule-targeting agents with respect to the TNF-induced leukocyte adhesion cascade in endothelial cells, to improve our understanding of the underlying biomolecular background. We found that treatment with pretubulysin reduces inflammation in vivo and in vitro via inhibition of the TNF-induced adhesion of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium by down-regulation of the pro-inflammatory cell adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in a JNK-dependent manner. The underlying mechanism includes JNK-induced deregulation and degradation of the histone acetyltransferase Bromodomaincontaining protein 4. This study shows that depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agents, in addition to their established effects on leukocytes, also significantly decrease the inflammatory activation of vascular endothelial cells. These effects are not based on altered pro-inflammatory signaling cascades, but require deregulation of the capability of cells to enter constructive transcription for some genes, setting a baseline for further research on the prominent antiinflammatory effects of depolymerizing microtubule-targeting agents

How intermolecular geometrical disorder affects the molecular doping of donor-acceptor copolymers

Molecular doping of conjugated polymers represents an important strategy for improving organic electronic devices. However, the widely reported low efficiency of doping remains a crucial limitation to obtain high performance. Here we investigate how charge transfer between dopant and donor\u2013acceptor copolymers is affected by the spatial arrangement of the dopant molecule with respect to the copolymer repeat unit. We p-dope a donor\u2013acceptor copolymer and probe its charge-sensitive molecular vibrations in films by infrared spectroscopy. We find that, compared with a related homopolymer, a four times higher dopant/polymer molar ratio is needed to observe signatures of charges. By DFT methods, we simulate the vibrational spectra, moving the dopant along the copolymer backbone and finding that efficient charge transfer occurs only when the dopant is close to the donor moiety. Our results show that the donor\u2013acceptor structure poses an obstacle to efficient doping, with the acceptor moiety being inactive for p-type doping